變讀現象的兩種貫時意義──兼論晉江方言的古調值

Two Diachronic Implications of Phonemic Variation, with Discussion on Original Values of Chin-chiang Tones

許多語言都有因連讀成構詞而發生的音位性變讀（phonemic variants）現象；我們可以把因此產生的一讀稱為「連讀（connected form）」，把構詞行為發生前或單獨稱述時的一讀稱為「箇讀」（isolated form）。就共時的（synchronic）觀點來講；連讀和箇讀之間；只具一種詞音位轉換（morphophonemic alternation）的關係。

It is proposed in this paper that there are two types of phonemic variations, and that each bears a different implication for phonological change. The one whose underlying representation is the form as it occures in isolation (isolated form) is considered to be an innovation. The other one whose underlying representation is the form as it occures in non-isolation environment (connected form) is considered to be retention. It is also suggested that, synchronically, an appopriate solution to the problem of phoremic variation can shed light on both the interpretation of historical changes and the internal reconstruction of previons stages of a language. Several examples from Chinese and Austronesian languages have been given to support the views proposed here. In the concluding section, an application of the views presented in this paper is illustrated by a discussion of the original values of Chin-chiang tones.