從詩律和語法來看「焦仲卿妻」的寫作年代

SOME PROSODIC AND GRAMMATICAL CRITERIA FOR DATING THE BALLAD ''SOUTHEAST FLY THE PEACOCKS''

「焦仲卿妻」的寫作年代，歷來有許多爭論。這首詩最早見於徐陵（507-583）編的王臺新詠，序文說：「漢末建安（196-219）中，廬江小吏焦仲卿妻，為仲卿母所遣，自誓不嫁，其家逼之，乃投水而死。……時人傷之，為詩云爾」。南宋劉克莊後村詩話已經懷疑這詩不是漢人所作，二十世紀梁啟超（1924）、王越（1933）、陸侃如、馮沅君（1932）又添了若干晚出的證據。

This paper presents two kinds of new evidence for dating the ballad ''Southeast Fly the Peacocks''. The Japanese scholar Takagi Mazakau has shown that the tonal prosody of Recent Style poetry began to take shape during the end of the 5th century and the beginning of the 6th. The present author shows that lines 1-10, 236-249, and 342-355 of the ballad by and large conform to Resent Style prosody, and therefore could not have been written earlier than 450 A. D. The second part of the paper discusses ten grammatical or lexical items. It was shown that these items, as used in the ballad, contain innovative features unattested elsewhere before the middle of the 3rd century. The overall conclusion is that the ''Southeast Fly the Peacocks'' was written during the 5th or 6th century, about two centuries later than the traditional date of 196-219 A. D.