西夏語中的漢語借詞

Chinese Loan Words in the Tangut Language

西夏建國於西元一○三八年（宋仁宗寶元元年），據有今寧夏，陝西、甘肅的大部分地區，而以興慶（寧夏、銀川）為其首都，曾仿漢字結構創制了複雜的文字，並翻譯論語、孟子、孝經、孫子等書及大量的佛教經典，創造了高度的文化。一二二七年為元鐵木真所滅以後，西夏民族及其語言文字便從歷史上消失。

This paper deals with Chinese loan words in Tangut on the basis of the following materials: the Chang-chung-chu (the Pearl in the Palm), the Tangut dictionaries Wen-hai (the Ocean of Characters), Wen-hai Tsa-lei (the Ocean of Characters, Mixed Classes), and the T'ung-yin (the Homophones), the Tangut translations of Chinese classics, such as the Confucian Analects, Mencius, and Sun-tzu, and Nersky's Tangut dictionary. Altogether 184 Chinese loan words are discussed in the paper. Both Chinese and Tangut words are provided with their reconstructed forms. For Chinese, Karlgren's reconstructions of Ancient Chinese are adopted as the basis; however, sound changes from Ancient Chinese to late Middle Chinese (at the end of the 12th century) that affected certain lexical forms are indicated under each lexical entry.