西夏語的濁塞音與濁塞擦音

VOICED OBSTRUENTS IN THE TANGUT LANGUAGE

日人西田龍雄與俄人Sofronov所擬測的西夏語音韻系統裏都有鼻化濁塞音與鼻化濁塞擦音，而無普通的獨塞音與濁塞擦音。本文檢討他們擬測鼻化音的各種論據，認為都不足以證明西夏語的濁塞音與濁塞擦音是鼻化的。相反的，藏夏對音及梵夏對音都顯示西夏語的濁塞音與濁塞擦音都不鼻化。此外本文根據西夏語裏的漢語借詞及掌中珠裏的漢夏對音，證明西夏語有ɤ-音，認為Sofronov歸納反切上字所得喉音類反切第一連鎖即代表ɤ音。按Sofronov對這一連鎖原來擬的是喉塞音。本文對此提出了修正的意見。

The consonant systems of the Tangut language as reconstructed by Nishida and Sofronov have prenasalized voiced stops and affricates instead of ordinary ones. The initials common to both are listed as follows, those which are irrelevant to our discussion have been eliminated.