國立臺灣博物館典藏品分級歷程與實踐（1995–2022）：以人類學門歷史類典藏品為討論核心

Development and Implementation of Collection Classification System in National Taiwan Museum (1995–2022): Anthropological Historical Collections

現行博物館相關法規對典藏品之定義，係以「文化資產保存法」（下稱文資法）、「珍貴動產」思維而制定，對典藏品有「永久收藏」之規範，但對自然史博物館所藏自然類典藏品（標本）之研究、應用常例來說，則產生使用限制。而對博物館人文類典藏品來說，《文資法》以「全國」文化資產為管理與分級範疇，在博物館多數典藏品都尚未取得文資身分的情況下，現行《文資法》的分級制度對大部分博物館的典藏品，存在著尺度、規模皆難以適用的問題，博物館亦無法據以有效分配典藏資源（洪世佑，2022）。因此，國立臺灣博物館（下稱臺博）即希望打造以臺博典藏品為範疇，評估其特性、歷史脈絡且能實際運用之分級管理制度，並於2017年啟動人、地、動、植學門典藏品暫行分級計畫。
本文將分兩部分分析。第一部分討論1995年以來博物館行政和文資分級法規的適用與磨合；第二部分則說明臺博典藏品暫行分級制度結果與預估行政實益。就結果來說，透過典藏品暫行分級計畫，臺博從個別藏品的文資提報，走向全面性典藏品分級檢視。此外，透過典藏品暫行分級，管理制度朝向鬆綁、活化典藏品的研究和應用，以及建構差異化的分級管理制度，有助資源分配之效益。

Most sets of museum regulations define collections on the basis of the Cultural Heritage Preservation Act or the concept of precious movable properties and have regulations regarding the permanent storage of collections. These regulations may not be entirely applicable for the collections and specimens obtained by museums of natural science through research. The Cultural Heritage Preservation Act regulates the management and classification of the cultural heritage artifacts of museums with anthropological collections across the nation. However, the classification system specified in the act is not applicable for most museum collections because their limited size and extent prevent them from qualifying as cultural heritage collections. Consequently, museums cannot rely on the regulations of the Cultural Heritage Preservation Act to ensure collections and resources are effectively distributed (Hung, 2020). Therefore, National Taiwan Museum (NTM) established a classification and management system for its collections that incorporated evaluations of their properties and historical contexts. In 2017, NTM initiated this provisional classification system for its collections related to the fields of anthropology, earth science, zoology, and botany.
The present study conducted two analyses. The first was an analysis of the application and adjustment of NTM’s cultural heritage classification system since 1995. The second involved determining the outcomes of NTM’s provisional classification system and its potential administrative benefits. The results reveal that NTM improved its provisional classification system by implementing a comprehensive review of collection classifications rather than solely reporting the cultural significance of individual collections. In addition, NTM shifted the focus of its provisional classification system from management of its collections to research on and applications of its collections. The changes made to the classification system improved the museum’s resource allocation.