金門與馬祖民居傳統臥具之比較研究

A Comparative Study of Traditional Beds in Kinmen and Matsu Houses

本研究旨在比較金門、馬祖民居傳統臥具，研究過程運用人種誌研究、比較研究及內容分析法，結果可知：
1.金門、馬祖傳統臥具造形：
a.尺寸：傳統架子床，寬度部分，金門較大。馬祖後收（櫥）眠床，造形多增加後櫥，擁有者多半經濟狀況良好。兩地魯班尺顯示皆為紅字，多聚焦於婚姻幸福美滿、早生貴子及加官進爵；
b.造形：金、馬兩地皆有傳統架子床，金門出現受南洋影響之鐵眠床。馬祖則存在民國海派家具及後收（櫥）眠床，後者眠床造形與福州（長樂）家具一樣，證實馬祖臥具為福州（長樂）家具脈絡；
c.裝飾圖案與意義：金馬臥具之裝飾圖案出現地域性差異，其中馬祖臥具裝飾動題材更出現蝦、蟹、魚之水族類別，推測與漁業發達相關；
d.裝飾技巧，金門臥具著重雕刻，馬祖臥具偏重漆繪，漆繪更呈現福州家具之裝飾技法。
2.臥具來源：兩地臥具多來自原鄉，金門又因下南洋關係，來回之時，臥具買賣交易皆在其中。馬祖則出現自行或委託他人購買之福州（長樂）臥具及海派家具，另有承襲長輩臥具，甚至出現購買二手家具。製作工匠，金、馬兩地因無在地師傅，皆會回原鄉聘請師傅至現場製作臥具，馬祖多至福州市長樂區金峰鎮甘墩街找尋所需家具及工匠。

This research aims to compare the traditional beds in houses in Kinmen and Matsu. The research uses ethnographic research, comparative research, and content analysis; research results indicate:
1. The appearance of traditional beds in Kinmen and Matsu:
a) Size: Kinmen’s traditional canopy beds are wider. In Matsu, Sleep Beds with Rear Storage Cabinet often feature rear cabinets, and most of the owners are in good financial condition. In both locations, Luban rulers are displayed in red letters, mostly focusing on happy marriages, early births, and securing high positions in governments,
b) Shapes: Traditional canopy beds are found in both Kinmen and Matsu, and Kinmen has iron beds with Southeastern Asian influences. Matsu has furniture showing the influence of the Ocean Faction of the Republic as well as beds with rear storage cabinets, the shapes of which are the same as those found in the furniture in Fuzhou (Changle), confirming that beds in Matsu falls in the branch of Fuzhou (Changle) furniture;
c) Decorative patterns and meaning: the decorative patterns of the Kinmen and Matsu beds show regional differences, for example beds in Matsu often displays decorations such as shrimp, crab, and fish, perhaps indicating that fishing has been a significant industry there;
d) Decoration techniques: Beds in Kinmen feature more carving, and Matsu beds emphasize lacquer painting, which shows the decoration techniques of Fuzhou furniture.
2. The source of the beds: Most of the beds in Kinmen and Matsu come from the hometowns of the bed owners. People in Kinmen have emigrated to Southeastern Asia, so when they return to Kinmen, furniture is among the things they trade. Matsu people appear to buy Fuzhou (Changle) beds and Ocean Faction furniture or they inherit furniture from family members or purchase used furniture. Both Kinmen and Matsu do not have local craftsmen, so when they return to their hometowns to bring back craftsmen to make beds. People in Matsu often went to Gandun Street, Jinfeng Township, Changle District, Fuzhou City.
Matsu often went to Gandun Street, Jinfeng Township, to find the furniture and craftsmen they needed.