運用熱分析實驗與火災動態模擬程式探討高層建築物隔熱防水帷幕外牆的火災行為

Fire Behavior of the Insulation Rain-screen Facade System of High-rise Building’s External Wall by Using Thermal Analysis Experiment and Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS)

本文以常用於冰箱外殼的鋁複合板內部的隔熱泡棉為樣本，以每分鐘2℃的溫升速率，進行熱分析實驗，獲得約在溫度381.5℃至409.6℃的溫度範圍內，釋放最大熱釋放率約為1875.10J/g，放熱反應後，樣本剩約4.88 %的灰燼。另外，參考其他文獻資料，獲得常用於建築物外牆的可燃性面板系統之熱分析參數。然後，再以造成72人死亡，發生在2017年06月14日的英國格蘭菲塔火災為案例，利用最新版本的FDS火災動態模擬程式，重建該火災案例，並以前述熱分析實驗結果，作為電腦模擬程式的重要輸入参數。根據電腦模擬溫度的變化之情形，探討該案例火災延燒與濃煙擴散的情形，以重建整個火災情境。另外，假設該案例如有裝置自動撒水設備，並於火災發生時順利啟動，探討撒水設備對該案例火災的抑制成效。

This study uses PU insulationfoam, commonly used as the interior of the aluminium composite panel (ACP) on the outside of the refrigerator, and conducted a thermal analysis experiment with the heating rate of 2℃min-1, and obtained the finding of a heat release rate of 1875.10 Jg-1 in the temperature range of 381.5 to 409.6℃, and ashes mass 4.88 % of the sample remained after the exothermic reaction. Besides, the thermal response parameters of the combustible facade system on the external building walls was referred to other literature. Then a case study on the June 14th, 2017 England Grenfell Tower fire, which caused 72 deaths, was reconstructing this fire case through the updated version of the Fire Dynamic Stimulator (FDS) and using the experiment results of the thermal analysis mentioned above as an important input parameter. According to the computer simulated temperature change, the spread of the fire and heavy smoke would be investigated, and thus reconstruct the whole fire scene. Furthermore, the effectiveness of fire sprinkler system in the Grenfell Tower if automatic sprinklers were installed and operated successfully during the fire is another part of the discussion.