從《黃帝內經》白色探討梨子之古今應用及生理功效

The Study on Pear and its Physiological Function Based on the Theory of Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon

沉默殺手肺癌成新國病，肺癌是十大癌症中「醫療支出最高、死亡率最高、晚期發現比例最高」的癌症，其發病原因尚未清楚，通常認為與空氣污染、PM2.5、吸菸及二手菸等原因相關。《靈樞˙逆順篇》：「上工治未病，不治已病」，肺癌初期症狀容易讓人輕忽，因此「治未病」預防肺癌及肺部相關疾病等就顯得相當重要亟須被重視。《素問˙藏器法時論》：「五穀為養，五果為助」及西方醫聖希波克拉底也指出：「食物為藥」，道出中西醫皆強調預防醫學是最好的醫療，並指出水果在飲食中的重要，預防肺臟疾病可以從食物著手。《黃帝內經》的養生醫典裡，提及五色對應五臟，《靈樞˙五色篇》：「以五色命藏，青為肝，赤為心，白為肺，黃為脾，黑為腎」。《素問‧五藏生成篇》：「色味當五藏，白當肺，辛」，「白」與「辛」都入肺，一般印象中也都認為白色或是嚐起來有辛香味的食物對肺臟有益。白梨，排行全世界第四大產量的水果，以「果宗」紀載於《本草綱目》中，《太平聖惠方》中則記載了梨子有治療肺臟的療方。實驗證實，清濁潤肺化濁活血湯可降低PM2.5引起的肺部炎症反應和組織損傷，隨著中藥劑量的增加，肺組織的病理變化更好，按照濃度計算一成人（60kg）每天需要1.5kg的梨子。本研究藉由探討梨子的歷史及古今應用的紀錄，佐以近代科學及文獻研究分析，從《黃帝內經》中「白色入肺」出發，探討梨子及其植化素對疾病的預防及是否能減少肺部及其他中醫論述的相關疾病，以驗證在日常飲食中加入梨子或白色食物來達到預防肺部疾病的威脅。

Silent killer lung cancer becomes a new national disease, lung cancer is the cancer with ''the highest medical expenditure, the highest mortality rate, and the highest proportion of late detection'' among the top ten cancers. Lung cancer is often thought to be related to causes such as air pollution, PM2.5, smoking and second-hand smoke. ''Lingshu Nishun'': “The supreme healer cures the illness that is still obscure, will not try to cure the illness.” The early symptoms of lung cancer are easy to be ignored, so ''prevention of the disease'' to prevent lung cancer and lung-related diseases is very important and needs to be paid attention to. ''Suwen·Zangqi Fashi Lun'': ''grains are as nutrition, and fruits are as sustenance'' and the Western physician Hippocrates also pointed out: ''Food is the medicine'', stating that both Chinese and Western medicine emphasized that preventive medicine is the best Medical treatment, and explain the importance of fruit in the diet, prevention of lung disease by means of diet. ''The Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon'' mentions that the five colors correspond to the five internal viscera. ''Lingshu‧Five Colors'': ''Five colors named five viscera, green is the liver, red is the heart, white is the lung, yellow is the spleen, and black is the kidney.'' ''Suwen·Wuzang Shengcheng'': ''The colors and the tastes correspond to the Five Zang-Organs: white and pungent correspond to the lung.'' ''white'' and ''pungent'' both enter the lungs, and the general impression is that white food or tastes spicy food are good for the lungs. Pears, the fourth most-produced fruit in the world, are recorded in the Herbal Foundation Compendium as ''Guo Zong'', and in ''Taiping Shenghui Fang'', it is recorded that pears have a cure for the lungs. Experiments have confirmed that Qingzhuo Runfei Huazhuo Huoxue Decoction can reduce the pulmonary inflammatory response and tissue damage caused by PM2.5. QRHXD （containing about 50% of pears）, with the increase of the dose, the pathological changes of lung tissue are better. According to the concentration, an adult （60 kg）needs 1.5 kg of pears per day. In this study, by discussing the history of pears and the records of ancient and modern applications, with modern science and literature research and analysis, starting from the ''white enter the lungs'' in the ''The Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon'', to explore the prevention of diseases by pears and their phytochemicals and whether they can reduce lung and other related diseases discussed in TCM （traditional Chinese medicine）and to verify that adding pears or white food to the daily diet can prevent the threat of lung diseases.