論「公物不融通性」之限制與可能──以法國憲法委員會之相關決定為中心

The Possible Breakthrough of the Inalienability of Public Properties: In Comparison with the Decisions Made by the French Constitutional Council

本文以法國法，尤其以憲法委員會之決定為主要探析對象，回顧其如何突破「公產不融通性」為主軸，說明法國法上一方面肯認公法人的公用公產同受憲法上財產權保護的前提下，於1980年代基於種種外部因素，突破不融通性的限制而發展出「適價移轉原則」；嗣後，更例外肯認基於「公共服務繼續性原則」的要求下，允許立法者創設使公法人得對私（法）人無償移轉公產的抽象法規範。最終，確立並非「公產實體」不得融通，而是該公產本身所背負之「公用目的」不得「融通」的結論。於探討完法國法公產移轉法制的變遷後，本文嘗試回應我國無償撥用法制、威權時期國有財產的「轉帳撥用」，及近期重受矚目的「公法人作為財產權保障主體」等議題，期能對我國公物法制注入新活水。

This article takes French law, in particular the decisions of the Constitutional Council (Conseil Constitutionnel), as its main research object, and reviews how it broke through the “inalienability of the public property” as its main idea.
It was recognised by the decisions made by Conseil Constitutionnel that the principle of continuity of public services (le principe de la continuité du service public) exceptionally allowed legislators to create legal norms that enabled the public authorities to transfer public properties to private (legal) persons without consideration. Ultimately, the decisions established that it is not the “public property” that is inalienable, but the “designated public purpose” of the public property itself.
After discussing the changes in the legal regime applied on the transfer of public properties in French public law, this article also attempts to respond to the legal regime of gratuitous appropriation in Taiwan and related examples, as well as the recent disputes upon the question of “whether the public legal person can be the subject of constitutional property rights protection”. By comparing and introducing the development of French legal practices, this article hopes to breathe new life into the legal regime of the public property in Taiwan.