臺灣轉型正義的三個脈絡──德國法、比較法與後威權主義

The Three Contexts of Transitional Justice in Taiwan: German Model, Comparative Law and Post-Authoritarianism

在國家體制回歸自由民主憲政秩序的同時，如何直視黨國體制、處理威權遺緒、評價過往不法，成為民主轉型國家們須面臨所謂「轉型正義的難題」。轉型正義以往被視為臺灣民主化的未竟之業，現今在追求轉型正義的道路上，正面臨著相關制度選擇以及路線分歧的關鍵時刻。對此，本文分別以「轉型正義透過德國法」、「轉型正義透過比較法」以及「後轉型正義與後威權主義的自我定位」作為臺灣轉型正義的三個脈絡，藉由釐清德國兩次轉型正義的經驗之法，探討德國和臺灣在比較法學上對於「不法國家」（Unrechtsstaat）與釋字第793號解釋的實踐之法，並聚焦在歐洲的西班牙、美洲的智利和亞洲的印尼，檢視這些「後威權主義」國家在反共強人與和平轉型下，追求轉型正義的差異之法，用以重新思考「推遲的」後轉型正義和「遲來的」真相和解委員會應該做些什麼？以及還能做些什麼？

There is still much unfinished business on the agenda of transitional justice in Taiwan. Taiwan recently set up “Transitional Justice Commission” under the mandate of the Act on Promoting Transitional Justice to restore historical truth and promote social reconciliation. However, redressing judicial wrongs is always the moment of truth for Taiwan’s transitional justice. This article seeks to deepen our understanding of the political-legal dimension of transitional justice in Taiwan by examining the experience of the German model after 1945 and 1990 (German: Die doppelte Vergangenheits-bewältigung), the function of comparative law between Germany and Taiwan for the interpretation of the unjust state (German: Unrechtsstaat), and the influence and limits of post-authoritarianism in reflections on Spain, Chile and Indonesia. It is hoped that this article will reminder the main mission of “belated” transitional justice and the truth and reconciliation commission.