美國2022公共取用政策對學術出版的影響初探

The Brief Discussion on the Impact of the 2022 OSTP Memo on Scholarly Publishing

2019 年COVID-19 造成全球公衛危機，開放取用的研究成果力助疾病的發展預測及疫苗的開發，使得大眾對於研究產出的開放共享需求提高。2022年美國白宮科技政策辦公室（OSTP）發布「確保自由、立即且平等取用聯邦資助研究產出備忘錄」，相較2013 年OSTP 發布的公共取用政策僅規範年度研發經費超過1 億美元的聯邦機構，2022 年政策的適用範圍擴及所有規模的聯邦機構，期望所有由聯邦政府資助的研究產出能更公平、快速地被取用，並支持以實證為基礎的政府決策。本文藉由文獻探討了解美國公共取用發展，觀察2013 及2022 年政策的差異以及新政策可能為學術出版界帶來的變化影響，最後提出圖書館的因應建議，提供學術圖書館在未來發展館內服務時的另一思考面向。

The White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) issued the public access policy guideline“Increasing Access to the Results of Federally Funded Scientific Research“to require federal agencies with R&D budgets over $100 million for making research papers publicly available. In 2019, the outbreak of the infectious pandemic COVID-19, which caused the global health crisis highlighted the importance of open access. The research outputs which can be accessed immediately, freely, and publicly made great contributions to epidemic tracking and forecasting and accelerated the developments in drugs and vaccines. In 2022, OSTP issued a memorandum on”Ensuring Free, Immediate, and Equitable Access to Federally Funded Research”, expanding the scope of the 2013 Memorandum. The updated OSTP policy guidance expects the research outputs funded by all federal agencies can be accessed more equitably and quickly and support the government in making evidence-based decisions.
In this paper, by reviewing the literature on the developments of the U.S. public access policy guidance, to recognize the difference between the two memorandums and it is hoped that libraries can have a better understanding of the global impact on scholarly publishing in the developments of the U.S. policy. Based on the literature findings and observations, this paper provides libraries with suggestions on how to respond to the global changes which are hard to ignore.