一貫道女性祖師孫慧明成聖歷程的形塑與書寫

The Sanctification Process of the 18th Matriarch of Yiguandao Sun Huiming

本文以一貫道系譜第18代女性祖師孫慧明為個案研究，探討她的成聖歷程。一貫道信眾對於孫慧明的形塑與書寫，可從四個面向探討。一、她是月慧菩薩化身，歷經從口述至文字記載的過程，傳述她生而聖的敘事傳統。二、她因天命而聖，藉以建構她成為一代祖師的正當性，並論述因她的收圓天命，促使一貫道成功傳播數十個國家。三、闡述孫慧明的苦難經驗，從她為道毀譽的犧牲，與教難、逃難的艱辛，說明即使是仙佛化身，仍需經練俗身凡胎的修煉才能成聖；四、隱而成聖，她選擇自囚餘生的另類殉道方式，與為眾生每日一萬叩首，成為她被形塑為當代聖人的書寫核心與成聖的必要內容。

This study focuses on the sanctification process of Sun Huiming孫慧明(1895–1975), the 18th matriarch of Yiguandao (Way of Pervasive Unity). The image and writing of Sun by followers of Yiguandao can largely be classified into and explored from four aspects: first, she is the incarnation (huashen化身) of Yuehui月慧(Moon Wisdom) Bodhisattva, and all the while going through the process of being recounted by oral narration to being recorded in writing, she has been said to have been born holy. Second, she has become holy owing to her destiny, an argument which is used to construct the legitimacy of her becoming a generation of the matri/patriarchs, and Yiguandao has thus successfully spread to dozens of countries because of her fulfillment of her destiny. The third expounds the suffering experienced by Sun; that is, her sacrifices for the Dao as well as the hardships of religious persecution and fleeing such plights show that despite being the incarnation of Buddha, one still needs to practice in the secular world to achieve sainthood. Finally, she imprisoned herself for the remainder of her life as an alternative form of martyrdom and kowtowed 10,000 each day for all living beings, which became the core of writings that shaped her as a contemporary saint and developed into necessary contents for sanctification within Yiguandao.