事後行爲出罪的法理依據及判斷標準

The Legal Basis and Judgment Standard for Decriminalization of Afterwards Act

事後行爲出罪的實質是將符合犯罪成立條件的行爲不作爲犯罪處理，論證其法理依據的現有理論學說均存在不同程度的缺陷。將刑事責任實現理論作爲事後行爲出罪的法理依據，能保證刑法理論間的自洽性和應用上的普適性，符合刑事司法的一般規律且不會强人所難，具有合理性。刑事責任實現即特定行爲所産生的刑事不利影響在法律意義上得到化解，以社會秩序修復和刑法規範確證爲基本標準。具體而言，在有被害人的犯罪案件中，刑事責任實現以被害人利益彌補和法益損害預防爲具體標準；在無被害人的犯罪案件中，刑事責任實現的判斷標準是法益損害的譴責。當前，限制刑事責任實現理論的出罪範圍，具有必要性。

The essence of decriminalization of afterwards act is to treat the act that meets the conditions for the establishment of the crime not as a crime, and the existing theories that demonstrate its legal basis have different degrees of defects. Taking the theory of realization of criminal responsibility as the legal basis for decriminalization of afterwards act can ensure the self-consistency between criminal law theories and the universality of application, conform to the general rule of criminal justice, and will not be difficult, which is reasonable. The realization of criminal responsibility means that the adverse criminal effects caused by specific acts are resolved in the legal sense, and the restoration of social order and the confirmation of criminal norms are the basic standards. Specifically, in criminal cases with victims, the realization of criminal responsibility takes the compensation of victims’ interests and the prevention of legal interest damage as specific standards; in criminal cases without victims, the judgment standard for the realization of criminal responsibility is the condemnation of legal interest damage. At present, it is necessary to limit the scope of decriminalization in the theory of criminal responsibility realization.