東亞區域主義再建構：韓國參與東亞區域整合之進程與效應

Revisiting East Asianism: Strategy and Effects of Korea’s Regional Integration Approach

傳統上，東亞區域整合研究傾向透過區域層次來分析此一區域之整合進程，並且透過比較研究而對東亞區域整合前景採取保留的評價。本文則企圖強化區域國家層次的分析，來解釋區域國家參與整合進程的政策途徑暨變遷路徑。本文透過韓國個案，來說明區域國家推動整合之途徑，乃政治精英考量區域需求與國內政治所進行的政策選擇。1997年亞洲金融危機之前，韓國亦依循世界貿界組織法規為基礎的多邊主義經貿架構，在蒙受金融重擊之後，韓國始轉向區域主義。在國內政治出現歧異之後，韓國則強化新雙邊主義經貿策略。本研究顯示國家層次的整合策略分析不但可以更為細致的解釋東亞區域整合進程，對於克服東北亞的歷史、政治問題亦有所啟發。

Conventionally, the study of East Asian regionalization mostly grounds theory on the regional level, and reaches a humble conclusion after comparison with the European Union and North America. This article presents an alternative perspective to evaluate East Asian regionalization from the perspective of the state level. By looking into the policy path to participate in regional integration, in the Korea case, this article demonstrates the way the political elite approach regionalization policy by deliberation between regional dynamics and domestic politics. Before the Asian Financial Crisis, Korea followed multilateralism in accordance with the World Trade Organization laws. After being struck financially, Korea shifted to regionalism. As trade policy became controversial, Korea adjusted to pursue a new bilateralism. The policy path of Korea suggests that state-level analysis of regional policy not only offers valuable lessons to account for East Asian regionalization, but also inspires solutions from the concerned parties to confront historical and political issues in Northeast Asia.