論亞歷山德拉‧瑪莉尼娜的女性主義偵探小說

Alexandra Marinina’s Feminist Detective Novels

二十世紀八○，九○年代，隨著俄羅斯民主改革與市場經濟的推動，俄國文壇開始有了極大的轉變；蘇聯解體後，本來預期在文壇上會出現一股以年輕一代俄國男作家所引領的文藝復興潮流，然而，出乎人意料的卻是湧現了大批的女性作家，佔領了通俗文學的市場，其中包括：犯罪偵探小說、神秘奇幻小說、言情小說、報導文學等等，這是當初始料未及的現象。亞歷山德拉･瑪莉尼娜（А. Маринина）一系列的犯罪偵探小說就在這股浪潮下脫穎而出。她筆下的主要角色安娜斯塔西亞･卡緬斯卡婭（Анастасия Каменская）是一位罪犯偵察員，她具有獨立的人格，清晰理性的頭腦，完全不像傳統的俄羅斯女人一樣依賴男人；並且在性格與專業上更勝於同儕的男性，十足表現出俄羅斯女性主義的作風。
本論文擬探討俄羅斯女性偵探小說崛起的社會背景，並以瑪莉尼娜的犯罪偵探小說為例，探討其小說中女性主義的特徵。

In the last two decades of the 20th century, there was a big change in the Russian literary creativity in response to the political and economic reforms. After Soviet disintegration, it was anticipated that a group of young, male writers would emerge to provoke a literary Renaissance tide in literary arena. However, a great deal of female writers have unexpectedly taken the most active part in the popular literature market, including detectives, fantasy novels and products of other literary genres. A series of Alexandra Marinina’s detectives also concerns the literature of this period. The main heroine of her series, Anastasija Kamenskaja, is a detective. She, different from regular Russian women, who need to rely on men’s protection and supports, possesses independent character, sober analytic mind and particular personality. She does show herself as an exemplar of Russian feminist.
This paper aims to probe the social scenario for the emergence of detective novels by Russian female writers, and take Marinina’s work as a case study. Moreover, it would also detect the feminist features of her detective stories.