布留索夫狀態小說的多重面貌

Multiple Visages of Valerii Briusov’s Novel of Positions

瓦列里‧布留索夫（Валерий Яковлевич Брюсов, 1873-1924）是俄國象徵主義派的奠基者與領導者，初入文壇之時，即立志開創俄國現代文學的新領域。布留索夫除了文學創作之外，同時也致力於出版書籍、期刊，定期舉辦文學聚會，成為文壇新人請益的對象。如同許多象徵主義派作家，他的聲名首先是來自詩歌創作，但布留索夫除了寫詩之外，還創作為數不少的長短篇小說，其中最著名的是《燃燒的天使》（Огненный ангел, 1907-8）、《勝利的祭壇》（Алтарь победы, 1911）、〈南十字共和國〉（Республика Южного Креста, 1905）等等…。
布留索夫對於小說創作，曾提出「狀態小說」（повесть положений）的概念，指出自己的小說是以「狀態」為主，而不是人物形象。他的短篇小說內容豐富多變，其中最重要的三個方向是歷史懷古、自我與情慾的糾葛，以及放眼未來的科幻小說。本文擬就此三大方向，勾勒出布留索夫的短篇小說的多重面貌。

Valerii Iakovlevich Briusov is the founder and leader of the Russian symbolism. At the very beginning of his literary life, he had been determined to explore new territories in Russian modern literature. Asides from literary works, he dedicated himself in publishing books and periodicals, and in holding regularly reunions among writers, for which he became spiritual leader of young writers at his time. As were many other symbolist writers, Briusov gained his fame as a poet at first; however, he wrote not only poems but also numerous short stories and novels, among which The Fiery Angel (1907-8), The Altar of Victory (1911), and The Republic of South Cross (1905) are well-known.
So far as novel writing is concerned, Briusov once proposed the concept of “novel of positions” (повесть положений), explaining that in his stories the “positions” count, rather than the images of the personages. Three significant visages of the various themes in Briusov’s short stories appear to be nostalgia for the history, complications between oneself and his carnal desire, and the perspective on the future through science fiction. This article will develop its arguments according to these three major themes mentioned, in order to draw the outline of the multiple visages of Briusov’s short stories.