中國大陸學界對自由貿易協定戰略的評估

Evaluation of Chinese Scholars on Free Trade Agreement Strategies

自由貿易協定（FTA）於1990年代開始，逐漸成為國際經濟合作最主要形式。尤其，當前雙邊FTA關係不僅牽動經濟合作，且已經成為各國爭奪市場和資源的重要手段，以及大國開展地緣經濟和政治博弈的戰略平臺，美、歐盟、日本等大國已將「FTA戰略」作為整體國家安全戰略上的重要一環。而對位居世界第二大經濟體中國大陸而言，必然體認到FTA競賽對於國家經濟發展、經濟安全、地緣戰略的重要性。在中共「十七大」提出「實施自由貿易區戰略」的政策帶領下，中國大陸學者針對FTA對於中國大陸經濟發展效益、經濟體制改革、戰略物資供給、區域經濟整合等不同途徑進行研究，對於中共推動FTA戰略提供諸多具參考性及實踐性建議。惟在當前大國FTA戰略具高度政、經意涵的發展過程中，必須藉由新現實主義理論下霸權穩定論、相對利益、權力平衡等角度，才能真正瞭解到大國FTA競賽對中共整體國家戰略的影響，以及中共如何透由FTA戰略回應國際新秩序的挑戰，以為研究中共FTA戰略最適切的途徑。

Since the 1990s, free trade agreements (FTAs) have gradually replaced multilateral mechanisms introduced by the World Trade Organization and have become the most prevalent form of international economic cooperation. In particular, current bilateral FTAs not only affect economic cooperation, but also constitute the primary means through which countries engage in market and resource competition, and the arena in which the superpowers carry out their geopolitic and geoeconomic strategies. Superpowers such as the United States, the European Union, and Japan have considered FTAs as a critical element of their national security strategy. Regarding the role of China as the world’s second-largest economy, the country’s leaders have undoubtedly acknowledged the significance of FTA competition for China’s economic development, economic security, and geostrategy. At the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China’s leaders announced its policy for implementing a free trade zone strategy, which was soon followed by a series of studies by Chinese scholars to provide a policy reference for the government. Their studies have focused on the implications of FTAs on China’s economic development, economic reform, strategic resource supply, and regional economic integration. Because the FTA strategies adopted by the superpowers are of high political and economic significance, neorealism—particularly hegemonic stability theory and the concepts of relative gain and the balance of power—constitutes the optimal approach to understanding how FTA competition among the superpowers has influenced China’s national security strategy and how China applies its FTA strategy to respond to the new international order.