在中國大陸韓國企業的經營成果與產業空洞化研究

An Analysis of Korean Companies’Investment in China and Industrial“Hollowing Out”of Korea

1992年韓中建交以來，兩國經濟交流迅速發展。特別自從中國大陸加入WTO後，隨著韓國經濟的恢復，2002年兩國經濟合作開始快速發展。1992-2006年間，韓國對中國大陸出口貿易額由27億美元增長到695億美元，佔總出口額的比重也由3.5%增加到21.3%，由此中國大陸成了韓國最大的貿易出口國。但是隨著中國大陸經濟的增長，韓國對中國大陸投資的性質也逐步發生變化。特別是三星、LG等以當地市場為對象從事生産的大企業的投資取得了成功，與過去相比，大部分企業更加重視當地市場。隨著韓國企業投資性質的變化，韓國國內圍繞對中國大陸投資議論紛紛，而議論的重點是對中國大陸投資會不會導致韓國國內產業的空洞化。本論文表明中國大陸的快速崛起不但對韓國產業空洞化影響微弱，而且為競爭力逐漸減弱的韓國企業提供了生存與發展的轉折機會。部分人士認爲因勞動力成本高，而造成競爭力逐漸下降的韓國國內企業。選擇對中國大陸投資來取得新的生存機會。而大企業更因此建立分工體制，增強企業競爭力。本論文分析了在中國大陸的韓國企業之經營成果，並研究中國大陸投資引起韓國國內產業的空洞化問題，最後提出韓國的政策對應方案。

Since Korea and China established diplomatic relations in 1992, bilateral economic relation saw remarkable progress, especially after China officially joined the World Trade Organization (WTO), bilateral economic relation saw more remarkable progress. Korea’s exports to China expanded from US$ 2.7 billion in 1992 to US$ 69.5 billion in 2006. China has emerged as Korea’s biggest export market with its proportion in Korea’s total exports rising from 3.5% to 21.3% over the same time period. However, China’s growth is changing the nature of Korean investment in China. Conglomerates such as Samsung and LG that targeted the Chinese market have seen success with their investments, and most companies are placing more emphasis on the local market than in the past. The changing nature of Korean investment in China has sparked increasing debate and discussion, which is in turn causing the issue of an industrial“hollowing out”of Korea. The purpose of this paper is to found that a majority did not experience the effects of“hollowing out.”Rather, they experienced industrial upgrade, meaning that their level of sophistication has risen.