台日韓商大陸投資策略與佈局：跨國比較

A Comparative Study of the Investment Strategies of Taiwanese, Japanese and Korean Businessmen in China

在經濟全球化潮流催化下，大陸成本低廉、優惠措施、龐大內需市場之投資環境優勢與市場前景，以及跨界資源流動之特質，皆是促成區域產業結構調整與跨域投資之主因。台日韓商在中國之投資，即是在此一背景下產生之投資行為，其階段性區域發展與企業策略運作和佈局之比較意涵值得探討。本文採取比較研究途徑，透過（一）企業特質（二）經營策略（三）經營佈局三層面分析，並採SWOT與USED方法探討，期能對台日韓商在中國之投資，思考如何運用商業優勢與機會，規避經營盲點與缺失，進而獲取最大利基，並防範可能存在之風險與挑戰。基本而言，台商大陸投資具有語言、文化與在地網絡之優勢，若能結合日韓商技術與品牌特色，以及商業經營策略運用，將有助於開拓市場商機。儘管如此，台日韓商面對中國政經生態認知不足、市場遊戲規則不明確與法治不彰，尤其是現階段大陸投資生態急遽變遷，以及兩岸政治矛盾衍生之挑戰，皆必須進行全球再佈局與風險管理之因應。

Under economic globalization and cross-border investment trend, the investment of Taiwanese, Japanese and Korean businessmen in China has been growing in recent decades due to the latter’s lower labor cost, preferential policies and desirable market. It not only results in regional industrial adjustment, but also impacts economic and political arenas as well. This paper is to make a comparative study on enterprise characters, strategies, and deployment of Taiwanese, Japanese and Korean businessmen in China. Using SWOT and USED method, the paper will discuss how to take advantage of the created opportunities and merits of these businessmen, and avoid possible risks, threats and challenges. Basically speaking, Taiwanese businessmen have the advantages in languages, culture, networks and localization. On the other hand, Japanese and Korean businessmen have those in brands and technologies. A coalition of the three sides will be conductive to their expansion into the Chinese markets. Nevertheless, other obstacles are still to be conquered, such as a lack of understanding of Chinese characters, trade environments changes, unclear market games and rule, and possible challenges created by the political conflicts between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits. Given these obstacles, it is imperative to rethink globalization strategies and crisis management for these enterprises.