論台灣閩南語VV-leh結構之句法—構詞介面分析

A Syntax Morphology Interface Analysis of VV leh Constructions in Taiwanese Southern Min

本文探討台灣閩南語VV-leh結構中的賓語強制移位和動詞重疊等現象。前人針對台灣閩南語賓語移位只著重於動補結構（動相補語和方向補語）的討論，對於VV-leh結構中的賓語強制移位現象，移位的賓語如何帶有暫時貌解讀以及觸發動詞重疊的原因皆尚未有進一步的探討。此外，為何動詞重疊VV需帶有leh也尚未提出分析。本文主張這些現象密不可分，為VV-leh結構的句法－構詞介面之體現。我們採用雙層動貌投射組系統（Travis 2010, Su 2009, 2012），主張暫時貌結構其詮釋語意蘊含有界貌和完成貌，分別映照於句法結構的內外動貌功能投射組。除此之外，賓語必須透過通盤移位通過內外動貌功能投射組的指示語位置，根據其有定性與內動貌的有界性和外動貌的完成性分別進行特徵查核。從分佈形態學為著眼點（Embick and Noyer 2001），我們主張賓語移位觸發外動貌中心語的重疊運符，該運符進行後句法的向下移位，選定其c-command統治範疇內的動詞中心語進行重疊構詞。基於此分析，動詞重疊為外動貌其特徵查核後之構詞體現。本文的句法－構詞分析亦能解釋台灣閩南語其它相關結構。

This paper investigates obligatory object shift (OS) and VV verbal reduplication in Taiwanese Southern Min (TSM) VV-leh constructions, and argues that OS in TSM activates the syntax-morphology interface computation of two types of aspect. I first provide the motivation for the two-tiered analysis of aspectual projections and argue that the VV-leh construction is interpreted as telic and perfective, syntactically encoded by IAsp0 and OAsp0, respectively. The object NP is required to undergo cyclic movement to check [±TELIC] and [±IMPERFECTIVE] on IAsp0 and OAsp0 against its definiteness via the Spec-Head configuration to measure out an event and to view it perfectively as a whole. Following the framework of Distributed Morphology, I further argue that OpRED on OAsp0 is active as a result of the valued [-IMPERFECTIVE] feature and triggers the morphology of reduplication. The proposed analysis also explicates several otherwise puzzling properties of TSM grammar.