110年犯罪狀況及其分析──以疫情、女性、高齡數據為核心

2021 Crime Situations and Analyses–A Focus on the Covid-19 Pandemic and Data on Females and the Elderly

以犯罪數據結合理論、社會現象，得廣泛觀察犯罪樣貌、發現問題與研議解決方向。本文以「中華民國一一○年犯罪狀況及其分析」專書與警政、檢察、矯正等機關統計數據為基礎，檢視社會關注的新冠疫情期間犯罪態樣、女性犯罪者之主要犯罪類別，與犯罪者高齡化議題。其中，我國為防制新冠疫情而施行的隔離、社交距離政策期間，發生若干犯罪、被害數據，和往年同時期的數據相比較，呈現相異結果，建議政府機關、學術研究者得據以深入檢證是類犯罪、被害類別與新冠疫情政策間的關聯性，以在未來再度發生與隔離生活相關的政策時，得及早聚焦、因應特定犯罪、被害型態的變化。檢視多種犯罪類別裡的女性比率，亦發現若干犯罪類別，呈現女性比率長年偏高趨勢。由於是類犯罪幾乎未有關聯性別研究的國內文獻，建議政府機關、學術研究者得在預防犯罪的社會安全網，及刑事司法程序等領域中，探究是類犯罪可能表彰的性別議題與解決途徑。
最後，面臨受刑人高齡化現象，雖然矯正機關依循監獄行刑法意旨而精進了監獄處遇，但在社會轉銜的過程中，仍然有高齡受刑人缺乏親屬照護、不願接受出獄後照護安排，或積極尋求協助，卻遭受照護資源不足、社福單位未認定權責範圍或補助要件等問題，建議除矯正機關宜考量高齡受刑人多缺乏再犯能力的特性，致力培養其等表達需求、自我照護能力外，政府所屬社福單位也需建立高齡者不因具有受刑人身分而被排除於高齡政策適用範圍之外的意識，並據以加強出獄後高齡受刑人和照護、服務機構間的連結，讓關聯的轉銜單位得充分考量高齡受刑人的社會復歸需求，來整備其等爾後社會生活所需的資源與補助。

In combination of crime data and theories and social phenomena, this paper observes extensively various types of crimes, discovers problems and discusses solutions. Based on the book 2021 Crime Situations and Analyses and data from the police, prosecutorial and correctional agencies, it examines crimes that caught public attention during the Covid-19 pandemic, those mainly committed by female offenders, and the issue of aging offenders. Among them, during the Covid-19 pandemic when quarantine and social distancing policies were put in place in Taiwan, a number of crimes occurred. This was disparate compared with data of the same period in previous years. It is recommended that government agencies and academics conduct in-depth analysis on the correlations between these types of crimes, victims and the policies implemented during the Covid-19 pandemic, so that should policies related to quarantine be enforced again in the future, authorities can focus on and respond to changes in specific crimes and victimization patterns in an early manner. Upon examination of the percentage of females in various crime types, this paper finds that in several crime types, there have been higher rates of female offenders over the years. Since there is little to none domestic literature on the gender aspect of these crimes, it is recommended that in the fields of crime prevention social safety nets and criminal justice procedures, government agencies and academics investigate and research the gender perspective of which these crimes might be indicative.
Finally, in terms of the aging of the prison population, while correctional agencies have improved treatments in prison in accordance with the Prison Act, in the process of social transition, some elderly offenders without family care have shown reluctance towards post-release care arrangements; some, having actively sought assistance, have been confronted with issues concerning insufficient resources, unclear responsibilities between social welfare agencies, and subsidy requirements. It is recommended that correctional agencies take into account the fact that the majority of elderly offenders are incapable of reoffence, and strive to cultivate their ability to express needs and self-care. Meanwhile, government-affiliated social welfare agencies must build awareness that no one is excluded from the scope of policies for the aging population despite their criminal records, and at the same time, strengthen the connection between elderly offenders and care and service institutions, so that relevant transition units will fully consider the need for social reentry of the elderly offenders and prepare relevant resources and subsidies for their lives post-release.