論多元入學方案之教育機會均等性

The Multi-phase High School Entrance Program and the Equity of Educational Opportunity

近年來臺灣積極進行之教育改革，在高中職升學管道方面，自2000年起，除舊有的單一聯考外，另增加了推薦甄試、申請入學、登記分發與直升入學等四種方式；進而在2001年全面廢除聯考，改由其他方式取代。此項改革實施之後，其公平性倍受質疑；而多元入學方案本身的各種特性更成為爭議之焦點。我們先以訪談方式瞭解多元入學實施的過程及篩選機制，再以「臺灣教育長期追蹤資料庫」（Taiwan Education Panel Survey， TEPS）的樣本進行分析。結果發現多元入學方案將舊制聯考的一次篩選分成多次進行；篩選者與篩選地，亦由校園之外延伸至校園內部，致使其篩選過程與依據，皆可能被社經地位優勢者影響。實證分析的數據更顯示出家庭背景屬中上階層者具有較佳的機會，也有較好的結果。相信本文所述有助於我們認清攸關多元入學方案「公平性」爭議的關鍵所在；也可供相關單位制定政策時作為參考。

Taiwan’s government has proposed many educational reform programs in recent years. In addition to the joint high school entrance examination， beginning from 2000， recommendations， applications， registration-and-distribution， and direct promotion also became ways of entering a senior high school. In 2001， the joint high school entrance examination was finally eliminated. However， contrary to what the Taiwan government had anticipated， the multi-phase high school entrance program has been severely criti-cized due to its controversial mode of operation. The results of our in-depth interviews and data analysis (the data were collected by Taiwan’s Education Panel Survey) dem-onstrate that the multi-phase high school entrance program has divided the selection process into several critical parts. Therefore students now have to deal with the admis-sions requirements both on and off campus. Furthermore， the selection and recommen-dation criteria are not the same for different schools， and students with better family backgrounds still have the advantage when it comes to being recommended for admis-sion to public senior high schools. Also， the parents or relatives of students with a higher socioeconomic status can easily influence the selection process and criteria. We therefore argue that Taiwan’s selection and recommendation criteria for new applicants to senior high schools， as well as the timing of assignments， the school classification system， and the reviewing process for the multi-phase high school entrance program， should all be re-considered.