以專家判斷法決定國民小學教育經費充足--一個方法的試探

Determining the Education Budgetary Expenses of Taiwanese Elementary Schools through the Professional Judgment Approach: The Exploration of a New Approach

本研究檢討我國決定教育經費的方式，參酌國外決定教育經費充足的方法，找出適合我國決定教育經費充足的方法，以作為編列教育預算的基礎。本研究發現專家判斷法能清楚的讓人明瞭決定教育經費的理由，且適合於沒有標準化成就測驗的地方，因此決定以專家判斷法為藍本，並以得懷術問卷調查國內學者專家的意見，修正成適合於我國決定教育經費充足的方法，其步驟有：一、組成顧問團與選取兩組教育專家；二、顧問團提出教育方針供專家設計小學範本的參考；三、顧問團根據兩組專家提供的資源要素與數量，計算出每生的單位成本；四、依據學生與地區特性差異調整成本；五、調整規模不經濟；六、調整物價指數；七、經由上述的步驟，最後可能得出公式＝每生單位成本×學生數（一般學生數十特殊需求學生數×權重）十地區差異調整十規模不經濟調整十物價指數調整。

This study reviews the existing approaches toward budgeting educationalexpenses in Taiwan and tries to identify an appropriate resolution fordetermining educational funds. Since the Professional Judgment Approach is bestin terms of roviding rationale for determining educational expenses and isparticularly more suitable for areas which do not implement standardizedachievement tests， it is modified here and then used as a major approach todetermine financial adequacy.The following are the steps adopted in this research: First， a group ofconsultants and two groups of educational experts are recruited. Second， theconsultants establish an educational budgetary principle so that the experts candesign strategies to allocate resources for elementary schools. Third， based onthe information provided by the experts， the consultants calculate an individualstudents's unit cost. Fourth， the cost is adjusted so as to stay in line withstudent characteristics and variations within different areas. Fifth， thesituation of diseconomies of scale is corrected. Sixth， the cost is adjusted onthe basis of the price index. Next， a formula is derived-the unit cost of eachstudent multiplied by the number of students， thus taking into account theaverage needs of general students plus the extra needs of handicapped students;finally， the adjustment for variations within areas， the correction for thediseconomies of scale， and the adjustment of the price index are added in.