以「性意涵」重構刑法規範中的「猥褻」概念

Reconstructing the Concept of“Obscene”in Criminal Law with“Sexual Connotation”

本文旨在分析學說與實務上對於性意涵的解釋方式，指出若要讓作為性犯罪構成要件要素的性意涵被認真看待，並且不落入與自主概念關係的循環論證，就必須賦予其獨立的規範上意義，也就是將其與關於「性」的價值判斷結合，以證立性犯罪的可罰性依據。性意涵要素乃是由過往的性風俗或性道德所定義出來的規範性概念，它構築了一套人際間的性互動準則；若是要使這套準則在今日仍能維持作為刑法上規範元素的正當性基礎，就必須為其內涵賦予與現代自由法秩序相容的詮釋。本文認為，個人的性可以理解為隱私領域與名譽（人格）領域的綜合要素，對他人實施性的侵害，不僅是傷害其意思形成與意思實現的自主決定，也是對其性資訊自主權的干擾，以及對其經由性所建構起來的人格與自我認同之貶低。據此，強制猥褻行為除了是違反被害人意思的行為，也應是在主客觀層面對性之隱私與性之認同侵害較大的行為，換言之，將適用較高的重大性門檻；而性騷擾防治法第 25 條的構成要件行為，除了限定在乘人不及、還有觸摸特定身體部位的行為，行為人亦無須具備重大的性隱私侵犯或性羞辱目的，而是只要滿足一種性優越地位的認知，即可能該當本罪。

This article aims to analyze the theoretical and practical interpretation of sexual meaning and point out that if the sexual meaning as a constituent element of sexual crimes is taken seriously and does not fall into the circular argumentation of the relationship with the autonomous concept, it’s normative meaning must be combined with the value judgment about “sex”, so that the punishment basis of sex crimes can be justified. The element of sexual connotation is a normative concept defined by past sexual customs or morals. It constructs a set of interpersonal sexual interaction rules; if this set of rules is to be maintained as a normative element in the criminal law today, the legitimacy of the foundation must be given an interpretation compatible with the modern liberal law.
According to the insights of this article, personal sexuality can be understood as a comprehensive element in the field of privacy and reputation (personality). Sexual infringement of others not only harms their autonomy in the formation and realization of their will, but also interferes with their information autonomy, and the depreciation of the personality and self-identity constructed by sexual activities. According to this, the act of compulsory obscenity is not only an act against the will of the victim, but also one that infringes the victim’s privacy and identity at a subjective and objective level. A higher threshold of major sexuality will be applied here. Article 25 of the Sexual Harassment Prevention Law requirements on the other side, in addition to being limited to the act of being inadequate and touching specific body parts, the perpetrator does not need to have major sexual privacy violations or sexual humiliation purposes, but only needs to have the cognition of a sexual superiority in the interaction.