《我的鴿子籠故事》中認同情結之探討

Discussing the Identity Complex in The Story of My Dovecot

巴別爾可謂是俄國文壇第一位深度書寫猶太主題的作家。 從踏入文壇起，巴別爾就開始思考猶太主題，並在自己的猶太論述中，表現與十九世紀俄國作家迥異的視角。他觸及猶太人的生活風俗、信仰、民族世界觀等，同時藉文學人物身份立場的搖擺與追尋，思考俄羅斯境內猶太人的命運。 巴別爾短篇小說集《我的鴿子籠故事》亦稱「童年故事集」，以「我」的觀點講述十歲至二十三歲的生活故事。敘事者一方面想逃離令他窒息的猶太家庭氛圍，逃離自己的身份，並在革命後成為蘇維埃的「自己人」；另一方面，他在世界文學當中找到安身立命之處，並以創作為使命。 誠如拉岡所言，自我的概念由他者的目光形塑。觀看行為因此成為身份／認同議題重要的切入點。作為俄國社會、文化中的「他者」，敘事者如何看待自己的身份，又如何為自己找到定位，是筆者探討的重點。本文以敘事學的「視角」與「聚焦」分析為研究途徑，從敘事者視野中的大時代、地方感受與文化認同等層面，分析《我的鴿子籠故事》之主體意識，並探討敘事者的認同問題。

Isaac Babel, born in Odessa, was arguably the first writer who deeply focused on the Jewish themes in Russian literature. From the early days of his literary career, I. Babel reflected Jewish themes, and presented entirely different perspective from the 19th century Russian writers in his Jewish discourse. He mentioned the Jewish custom, faith, and ethnic worldview in his literary works. Babel deliberated about the fate of the Jews in Russia by his literary figures’ hesitation and pursuance of identity. Babel’s Story of My Dovecot, was known as the “childhood stories” in which there were the first-person narrative stories between narrator’s age from ten to twenty-three. On the one hand, the narrator tried to escape from the suffocated Jewish atmosphere, get away from the identity, and become “one of us” after the Soviet revolution. On the other hand, he found the place to settle down in world literature, and took literary creation as his mission. For Lacan, the formation of the ego is a process of ‘identification’ with an external image/other. The gaze becomes the focal point of identity / identity issue. In this article, author focuses on how did the narrator regard his identity and find the position for himself as the “other” in Russian society and culture. The research approaches of the paper are “perspective” and “focus” analysis of narratology. From the narrator’s sight of the great era, local reception and cultural identity, the author intends to analyze the subject consciousness in The Story of My Dovecot, and discuss the narrator’s identity issue.