疫苗從何而來：蒙古「第三鄰國戰略」成效評析

Where Do the COVID-19 Vaccines Come From: Effects of Mongolia’s Third Neighbor Policy

蒙古自2021年2月開始執行疫苗接種計畫，截至2022年1月，整體疫苗接種率超過六成（65%）。蒙古初始疫苗來源主要為鄰國中國與俄羅斯，印度、日本與美國亦捐贈疫苗予蒙。對此，外界認為蒙古因其位於中、俄間的重要位置以及成功的「第三鄰國戰略」（Third Neighbor Policy），立於獲取疫苗的有利位置。就此，本研究提出兩個研究問題，第一，「第三鄰國戰略」在蒙古獲取疫苗時是否有所助益；第二，在「反中」情緒下，蒙古何以接受並採購一定數量之中國疫苗。本研究透過文獻整理以及訪談等方式，爬梳蒙古國內獲取以及接種疫苗概況，除中、俄外，亦就美國與日本進行分析，得出以下結論：蒙古在疫苗採購上因政府政策以及地理位置考量等，仍一定程度依賴中、俄，而蒙古的「反中」情結在中國製疫苗議題上並不明顯。因此，「第三鄰國戰略」確實對蒙古抗疫有一定之幫助，但在經濟上蒙古仍高度依賴中、俄兩國。

Mongolia started its COVID-19 vaccinations program in February 2021. As of December 2021, 65% of the population has been fully vaccinated. Mongolia first obtained vaccines from China and Russia. In addition, India, Japan, and the U.S have also donated vaccines to Mongolia. It's said that Mongolia can have enough vaccines due to its vital geographical location which is between China and Russia and its successful Third Neighbor Policy. The research will mainly discuss these two questions: first, whether Third Neighbor Policy helps Mongolia obtain vaccines. Why Mongolia accepted and purchased several Chinese vaccines under its ''anti-China'' sentiment is the second question. This manuscript applies the method of analyzing related documents and literature and interviewing Mongolian intellectuals to investigate these questions. The research will not only focus on the COVID-19 vaccines provided by China and Russia but also on the U.S. and Japan's contributions. The case study of this research finds that: due to the policies of the government and its location, Mongolia's vaccine purchasing still relies on China and Russia to a certain degree. ''Anti-China'' sentiment do not greatly influence Mongolia's acceptance of Chinese vaccines. Thus, Third Neighbor Policy does help Mongolia fight against the pandemic, but the development of the economy still highly relies on China and Russia.