「目標性貿易制裁」與抑制技術進步效果：以美中貿易戰之個案為例

“Targeted Trade Sanction” and the Effect of Restraining Technological Progress: the Cases of the US-China Trade War

中美貿易戰因貿易逆差而起，美方為解決貿易赤字而對中國出口課徵平衡關稅，並要求中國對美國資本與企業開放市場，然而隨著事件進展，美方策略重點轉向為保護智慧財產權、禁止強制技術移轉等方向，並將維持自身技術優勢當作主要任務，為此需要壓制中國具有競爭力的產業，並破解中方之「市場換技術」策略作為。本文運用「新新貿易理論」之框架針對美方所採取的「目標性制裁」進行分析，並透過對「中興通訊」、「福建晉華」、「華為」等個案來探討美方「目標性制裁」如何干擾大陸科技的研發作為，而中方又如何來保護自身戰略產業，最後本文將說明美方貿易制裁作為對於中國相關技術研發的抑制效果與影響。

The Sino-US trade war started due to the trade deficit. To solve the trade deficit, the US imposed balancing tariffs on Chinese exports and required China to open its market to US capital and companies. However, as the incident progressed, the US strategy shifted from balancing the deficit to protecting intellectual property rights and prohibiting forced technology transfer. The United States has begun to maintain its technological superiority as its main task. Therefore, it needs to suppress China's competitive industrial projects and crack the strategy of ''market for technology''. This article uses the framework of the ''New-New Trade Theory'' to analyze the ''targeted sanctions'' adopted by the United States and explores the US's ''targeted sanctions'' by comparing cases such as ''ZTE'', ''Fujian Jinhua'', and ''Huawei'', to discuss how the US’s “targeted sanctions” suppress the mainland’s technology research and development capabilities, and how China uses government subsidies, industrial plans, and market demand to protect its strategic industries. This article will finally explain the US trade sanctions on mainland China’s related industries The inhibitory effect and influence of technological progress.