美國亞太區域海洋安全合作的「自願聯盟」──「防止擴散安全倡議」、「區域海洋安全倡議」與「全球海洋夥伴倡議」之比較分析

The US Coalitions of Willing in Asia-Pacific Maritime Security and Cooperation-A Comparative Analysis on Proliferation Security Initiative, Regional Maritime Security Initiative and Global Maritime Partnership Initiative

在亞太地區出現了三個有關海洋安全合作的美國「自願聯盟」——「防止擴散安全倡議」、「區域海洋安全倡議」與「全球海洋夥伴倡議」，美國企圖以自願加入的方式，邀集「相同想法」、「共同利益」與「共同價值」的國家集體防止與處置共同的跨國威脅，但三者之間仍存有差異。這三個自願聯盟涉及美軍在此地區的軍事存在，而引發複雜的安全議題。本文嘗試從探索三個自願聯盟的倡議緣起、防止議題、組成原則、運作機制等等，進而比較三項倡議的異同，並就此比較的結果，論析此三項倡議的可能發展與對亞太地區安全的影響。

There are three coalitions of the willing- Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI), Regional Maritime Security Initiative (RMSI) and Global Maritime Partnership Initiative (GMPI), related the maritime security cooperation in Asia-Pacific region. These coalitions were initiated by the America to invite the countries with the common mind, shared interests and values to join in the collective efforts to prevent and handle the transnational threats, such as mass destructive weapons, terrorism, pirates, illegal human trafficking, and drug smuggling. Among these coalitions, RMSI is the Asia-Pacific abridged edition of the GMPI, more precisely, GMPI learned from the PSI, and it was the global edition of the RMSI. For the Asia-Pacific security, US has established the cooperative relations with the regional countries by reaching cooperative security arrangements to ensure its influence and to build the effective maritime security mechanisms, but, PSI, RMSI, and GMPI were the most controversial arrangements. Since these coalitions have involved the US military presence in this region, have caused complex security issues, particularly, national sovereignty and terrorists attacking or Islamic animadversions, finally, have brought different responses and reactions from regional countries. This article explores the origin, Issues, constitutive principles, and operation mechanism of these coalitions- PSI, RMSI, and GMPI, and to compare these coalitions with their divergences.