心理分析在教育上的運用與評析

The Application of European Psychoanalysis in Education: Analysis and Criticism

發源於十九世紀末的心理分析學說，在心理學以及兒童發展心理學上都影響深遠。但是其究竟如何與教育連結，在教育上應用，卻一向為人所忽略。在教育上通常強調人性健全發展的概念，Freud病態又怪異的人類圖像，如何在教育上應用？而且心理分析起始於對精神官能症患者的治療，頂多侷限在醫學範圍內，如何又轉移到教育領域上？本文即欲證成心理分析已經跨出醫療範圍應用在教育上，有其教育史的發展脈絡。然而因為其教育活動的失敗，理論上無法克服的問題，社會環境的轉變以及發展方向又轉回醫療領域等原因，導致心理分析導向的教育已經式微。儘管如此，並不表示它已經終結，心理分析對現代教育改革的影響仍在。

This article discusses the relationship between psycho-analysis and educational theory. The psycho-analytical approach has been applied to educational praxis in the past and has left its mark on the history of European education. However， since World War Ⅱ， the psycho-analytical education lost much of its significance， mainly due to three reasons: insufficiencies in educational praxis， unsolvable theoretical problems and the renewed efforts to apply psycho-analysis in medical sphere. However， psycho-analysis has had a tremendous influence on educational theory and praxis.