迎向新世紀的教育改革--方法論之省察與國際改革趨勢之比較分析

Education Reform Facing the New Millenium--Methodological Reflection and International Comparison

本文旨在透過方法論之探討，分析世界主要國家為因應新世紀政、經、社會、文化及科技之挑戰，所做之教育改革，並為我國建立永續教育改革機制試擬建議。有關教育改革之研究，從過去移植外國改革策略、建立教育發展法則到1990年代後現代主義盛極一時，強調局部真理與商品邏輯主導社會文化發展。世界性的教育改革也主要以市場機制來進行教育標準課程與教學、評量、學校機制與終身全民教育等重大改革，惟國家仍以法治化方式訂定教育市場規則，以維社會公平與正義。我國近年來的教育改革也受世界潮流衝擊，以「鬆綁」為主要教改目標。為促進進一步教育改革，應再加強五項措施：釐定結合國際化和本土化教育總體目標、全面革新學校體制與組織結構、建立永續發展教育改革回饋機制以及強化教育研究與教育政策的結合。

This paper presents an international comparison on the strategies of education reform coping with the socio-cultural challenges of the new millenium. Following the decline of theories of educational borrowing and positivism in comparative education， the rising postmodernism in 1990s advocates the locality of truth and merchandise logic in the socio-cultural process. Influenced by the postmodernism and economic reactionalism， many countries adopt market mechanism in education reform to secure their international competitiveness. The sole role of the state is to set up the rules of competition in education market through legalization. Not going against the worldwide current， Taiwan also adopts deregulation as the motto of education reform. Serious educational problems caused by the imbalance between competition and social justice， between the power of private sector， parents， school and government are waiting for feasible resolution. Therefore recommendations are proposed to set up a continuous reform mechanism for the betterment of education.