性別與次要任務對反應時間的影響

Effect of gender and secondary task on response time

駕駛時執行次要任務會影響主要任務的反應時間，進而影響到駕駛的安全。影響反應時間的因素很多包括性別及次要任務的種類，而駕駛行為中單獨駕駛，聆聽有聲物與對話是駕駛期間常見的行為之一。本研究目的為探討性別在駕駛期間執行次要任務時，對反應時間的影響。
有40名受測者參加本研究，20男20女，平均年齡28.55歲(SD=12.08歲)。受測者被要求使用Google cardboard VR頭戴式眼鏡觀看預錄的道路駕駛影片，影片中道路中央設置有16個三角警告標示牌。受測者被要求當三角警告標示牌出現時，必須按下「確認」鍵。電腦自動紀錄受測者按下確認鍵的時間。受測者在駕駛任務中也進行對話、聆聽廣播與單獨駕駛環境三種不同的次要任務。
結果表明，男性於三種任務中的反應無顯著差異；女性於三種任務中，廣播任務的反應優於單獨駕駛任務，而單獨駕駛任務的反應優於對話任務。此外，男性與女性於單獨駕駛任務的反應無顯著差異，但男性於對話任務的反應優於女性；女性則於廣播任務的反應顯著優於男性。

Performing secondary tasks while driving can affect the response time of the primary task and affect the safety of driving. Many factors affect response time, including gender and the types of secondary tasks. Driving alone, listening to audio and conversations are one of the common behaviors during driving. This study was to explore the effect of gender on response time while performing secondary tasks during driving.
The subjects of this study were 40 participants, including 20 males and 20 females, and with an average age of 28.55 years old (SD= 12.08). The participants were asked to watch a driving video while wearing Google Cardboard VR glasses. The video showed 16 triangulated warning signs in the middle of the road, and the participants were asked to press the 'OK' button when the triangle warning sign appeared, while performing three different secondary tasks, including having conversations, listening to a radio, and being in a quiet environment. The computer automatically recorded the response time of the participants to assess their performances in driving tasks.
The results find no significant difference in response among all three types of secondary tasks for males, and the reaction times of female participants during listening to the radio was significantly better than drive-alone task, and the response times in drive-alone task was significantly better than conversation task. In addition, no significant difference with drive-alone task is found between both genders. With conversation tasks, the average reaction time of males is significantly better than that of females, and females outperformed significantly better than males during the task of listening to the radio.