新竹市里名閩南語之文、白讀音探討

Study on the variant of pronouncing in literary - vernacular of Minnan language for the place names of villages in Hsinchu City

閩南語文白異讀的特徵相當明顯，文、白讀音可透露不同歷史層次語音的疊置。在調查地名時若未察覺讀音的差異，會有望文生義的情形產生，造成解釋上的錯誤。故研究臺灣地名，對文、白讀音的探究，有其重要的意義。新竹市閩南人的比例高達90%，且盛行使用泉州腔閩南話，故新竹市的里名可作為行政區名閩南話之文、白讀音的探討。本文以學科整合的方式，藉由訪談新竹市里名所得的文、白讀音，加以歸納和分析，探究新竹市里名文、白讀音的特徵。研究發現：（1）新竹市里名首、末音節能拆解出專名、通名者，首音節大多為專名，末音節大多為通名，專名讀文讀音的比例高於通名讀文讀音的比例。里名不可拆解出專名、通名者，首、末音節均以文讀音為多；（2）新竹市里名首、末音節文、白讀音的形式有三種：一為里名全讀白讀音者；二為里名文、白讀音夾雜者；三為里名全讀文讀音者。此三種型式和里名形成的年代有關聯性，詞彙上也有一些明顯差異；（3）新竹市里名中文、白讀音轉換的情況，主要為和「山」和「林」及和方位有關的里名為多，其形成的原因大都是里名新立時產生，居民藉由此種文白異讀的巧妙轉換，以達到雅化的目的，而部分里名受閩、客語言接觸也會造成文讀化現象。

The literary-vernacular pronunciation variant in the Minnan language is a significant character for showing the historical overlapping pronunciation phenomenon. If one could not differentiate between literary and vernacular pronunciation while investigating place names, far-fetched interpretation and misunderstanding occur from time to time. Therefore, the study of literary-vernacular pronunciation variant is an important issue in toponymy research in Taiwan. In Hsinchu City, over 90 percent of the population belong to Minnan ethnic group, and mainly speak the Quanzhou Accent. The place-names of villages in Hsinchu City are thus ideal research objects for the Minnan literary-vernacular pronunciation variant research. To understand the place-names literary and vernacular pronunciation characteristics, this article uses the subject integration method to summarize and analyze the Hsinchu City village-names literary and vernacular pronunciation obtained by research interview.
We can conclude that: 1）the village-name can be distinguished into the first and the last syllable. Mostly village-names’first syllable belong to specific name, and the last syllable are generic name. In literary pronunciation, specificnames account for a higher proportion than generic names. If the village names cannot distinguish into specific and generic names, they mostly to be read literary pronunciation. 2）For village names in Hsinchu City, there are three different types of literary pronunciation and dialect pronunciation: the first syllable and the last syllable both pronounce in vernacular; the first and the last syllable are mixed-use of literary and vernacular pronunciation; both are literary pronunciation. These three forms are related to the time of village names formation, and there are also some significant differences in vocabulary. 3）The pronunciation of the village names in Hsinchu City converted from vernacular into literary are in most cases related to "mountain"（山）, "forest"（林）, and "direction"（方位）. The phenomenon that new village names changed the dialect pronunciation into the literary pronunciation is because the residents hope to achieve the purpose of culturization. In some cases, due to the contact and amalgamation between Minnan and Hakka language, some village names read in literary pronunciation too.