疲勞監控對於棒球投球表現之應用

The Effect of Fatigue on Baseball Pitching Performance

棒球投手重複性投擲動作易產生運動傷害的風險，其原因和本身之投球動作姿勢及相關協調的肌力外，投球過程產生的疲勞也是重要因素之一。肌肉疲勞對於運動表現的影響甚鉅，包括球速降低、壞球率增加，是運動當中經常面臨且需要被克服的議題。本文統整實證性研究文獻，以棒球、投手、疲勞等關鍵字搜尋 1995 至 2020 年間相關文獻，進一步瞭解棒球投手疲勞時的力學變化及疲勞的成因，最後建議採用以下四種疲勞監測方法：一、記錄投手每場比賽的投擲速度和投球的球數；二、紀錄與追蹤自覺量表(RPE)；三、至少每週使用一次計時跑壘和運動員追踪問卷；四、如果資源充足，應該每週對每位運動員的身體組成、垂直跳躍高度和發力率進行實驗室測量，以提高投手運動表現之水準，並避免因過度訓練產生疲勞而導致受傷的風險增加。

The repetitive throwing action of a baseball pitcher was prone to the risk of sports injury. The reason for this is not only the pitching posture and the muscle strength of related coordinated actions, but also the fatigue caused by the pitching process is also one of the important factors. Muscle fatigue has a huge impact on sports performance, including a decrease in ball speed and an increase in the rate of bad shots. It is an issue that is often faced in sports and needs to be overcome. This article consolidates empirical research literature, uses keywords such as baseball, pitcher, and fatigue, and uses to search relevant literature from 1995 to 2020 to understand the mechanical changes and causes of fatigue in baseball pitchers. Finally, the following four types of fatigue are recommended monitoring method： 1. Record the pitcher’s throwing speed and the number of balls thrown per game； 2. Record and track the subjective scale (RPE)； 3. Use timed base runs and player tracking questionnaires at least once a week； 4. If resources are sufficient, should laboratory measurements of each athlete's body composition, vertical jump height, and RFD were performed weekly. To improve the performance level of pitchers and avoid the increased risk of injury due to fatigue caused by overtraining.