護理人員及護生性騷擾經驗與心理健康狀況之研究

A Study of Sexual Harassment Experience and Mental Health Situation Among Nurses and Nursing Students During Clinical Services

調查護理人員及護生性騷擾經驗與心理健康狀況之差異性。採橫斷面設計方式，以立意抽樣選定中部某區域醫院護理人員及護生為參與對象。問卷採用王素美、吳佩玲、張之蘋、許秀蜂、郭雅惠（2012）所發展護理人員的職場性騷擾處理之認知、態度量表。心理健康狀況採Pan & Goldberg（1990）所編製一般健康問卷。經人體試驗倫理委員會同意後，問卷分別發放護理人員320位及護生129位，回收有效問卷護理人員217份（67.8％）、護生77份（72.6％）。參與者以護理人員居多且以大學、已婚居多，平均年齡39.85歲。護生學制以四技居多，平均年齡21.38歲。護理人員在性騷擾處理認知構面依序為非語言、肢體動作、語言，而護生依序為肢體動作、非語言、語言。護生在性騷擾處理認知及各構面得分均顯著高於護理人員。護生在性騷擾處理防治措施滿意度平均得分均高於護理人員。護理人員心理健康狀況大多優於護生。護理人員性騷擾處理認知愈高，則態度、防治措施滿意度和心理健康愈高，而護生性騷擾處理態度愈高、則心理健康愈高。學校或醫療機構應落實性別平等教育和性騷擾處理防治教育的正確觀念，型塑反職場性騷擾的組織文化，並獎勵以實證為基礎的傳授培訓課程。醫護專業人員善用醫療專業知識與技巧進行有效的溝通。

This study aimed to investigate the differences between sexual harassment and mental health of nursing staff and students. A cross-sectional study design and purposive sampling were used to select nursing staff and students from a certain regional hospital in central Taiwan as participants. The“Scale of knowledge and attitudes toward sexual harassment in the workplace by nursing staff”developed by Wang et al. (2014) and a general health questionnaire compiled by Pan and Goldberg (1990) were used to measure mental health. After this study had been approved by the institutional review board, the questionnaires were distributed to 320 nursing staff and 129 nursing students, and 217 (67.8%) and 77 (72.6%) valid questionnaires were recovered from nursing staff and nursing students, respectively. The participants were mostly nursing staff, university graduates, and married, with an average age of 39.85 years. Most of the students with an average age of 21.38 years underwent a four-year technical program. The sexual harassment awareness experienced by nursing staff were in the order of non-verbal, physical behavior, and verbal, while that experienced by nursing students were in the order of physical behavior, non-verbal, and verbal. Students scored significantly higher on sexual harassment awareness and its various aspects than nursing staff. In addition, students scored higher average scores for satisfaction with sexual harassment preventive measures than nursing staff. The mental health of nursing staff is mostly better than nursing students. The higher the awareness of sexual harassment among nursing staff, the higher the satisfaction with attitudes, preventive measures, and mental health. In nursing students, the higher the attitude of sexual harassment, the higher their mental health. Medical institutions should implement the correct concept of gender equality education and sexual harassment prevention education, shape the organizational culture against sexual harassment in the workplace, and reward evidence-based teaching and training courses. Healthcare professionals should use medical expertise and skills to communicate effectively.