中部女大學生生育相關因素之研究

Study on Fertility Related Factors of Female College Students in Central Taiwan

目的：生育問題攸關一個國家未來人口結構乃至社會經濟的健全發展。本研究探討尚在接受高等教育就學階段的年輕女學生，在臺灣人口結構少子化、高齡化發展趨勢愈顯嚴峻情況下，對於生育態度、生育價值、生育代價以及生育意向等生育相關問題的認知情形。
方法：本研究為橫斷式研究，以臺中市四所大學女大學生為對象，採便利抽樣方式進行資料蒐集。共發放問卷800份，有效問卷回收率92％。蒐集資料利用SPSS統計套裝軟體，進行描述性統計、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森相關分析及複迴歸分析等推論性統計。
結果：中部女大學生對於生育相關問題的認知會因為戶籍地不同而有顯著差異的項目最多；「生育價值」的認知會因為女大生個人特質不同而有顯著差異的項目最多；「子女數意向」及「性別意向」認知的顯著差異項目最少。年級、戶籍地、單身是否、可支配零用錢、結婚意願及是否生育等變項對「生育態度」有顯著影響力；戶籍地與結婚意願對「生育態度」、「生育價值」及「年齡意向」的認知具有顯著的預測效果。
結論：受訪女大學生雖在「生育代價」的平均得分頗高，但仍肯定生養子女的價值。建議政府研擬生育相關政策的焦點，應在於關注生育代價太大以及客觀社會經濟環境對年輕女性生育態度的影響。

Purposes The issue of fertility concerns a country’s future population structure and socioeconomic development. This study explores the awareness of young female college students regarding fertility-related issues including fertility attitudes, values, costs, and intentions under the increasingly dire development trend of the declining birth rate and aging pulation in Taiwan.
Methods Female college students from four universities in Taichung participated in this cross-sectional study. The convenience sampling method was employed. A total of 800 questionnaires were distributed, and the valid questionnaire recovery rate was 92%. The SPSS statistical software was used for descriptive statistics, a one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation analysis, and linear regression analysis.
Results Female college students from central Taiwan showed the most significant differences in their awareness of fertility problems due to different domiciles. The awareness of“fertility values”showed the greatest number of significantly different personal characteristics for female college students. The“intended number of children”and“intended gender of children”had the smallest number of significantly different variables. Variables such as grade, domicile, relationship status, disposable income, marriage intention, and plans to have children significantly affect“fertility attitudes”. Domicile and marriage intention are the most significant predictors of“fertility attitudes”,“fertility values”and“intended age of childbearing”.
Conclusions Although the female college students had a high average score for“fertility costs,”they still affirmed the value of having children. It is recommended that the focus of the government’s formulation of the development of child policies be on the high cost of childbirth and the impact of the socioeconomic environment on“fertility attitudes”in young females.