對外援助的政治：日韓中對柬埔寨的競逐（2010-2020）

Politics of Foreign Aid: Japan, South Korea and China’s Chasing for Cambodia, 2010-2020

1953年自法國殖民地獨立的柬埔寨，經歷政變、紅色高綿統治、越南入侵等約20年的混亂，各方派系在國際調停下於1991年簽定巴黎協定，在1993年舉行制憲國會大選成立王國政府後，才開始穩定發展。雖因長期內部動亂，國內基礎建設、人材培育等體制因而幾乎破壞殆盡，但柬埔寨自2010年以來經濟成長率幾乎都維持在7％，此快速與穩定的經濟表現，在東協國家中也十分醒目。而在經濟成長的背後，中國、日本、韓國對柬埔寨的鉅額援助與投資，實扮演主要推動的力量。本文比較與分析，中日韓三國對柬埔寨援助的政治與外交目的、援助手段，並認為援助國提供ODA的背後總是存在政治因素，但柬埔寨也能因此而獲得更多的援助。

Cambodia is a country that was independent of France in 1953 then went through almost 20 years of chaos: Lon Nol’s coup, Khmer Rouge, and Vietnam’s occupation. The Cambodian opposing parties finally agreed to sign the Paris Accord in 1991 after a long negotiation under the United Nations’involvement. Following the constitutional general election in 1993, Cambodia established the government of the Royal Kingdom and started a stable development. Although internal chaos almost destroyed infrastructures and human resources, the yearly economic growth of Cambodia after 2010 is about 7%, over the average growth rate of the ASEAN. Behind this impressive development is tremendous official development assistance (ODA) from China, Japan, and South Korea. This article compares and analyzes their policy and diplomacy goals and methods and argues that there is always politics behind the Donor’s ODA. However, Cambodia always got more ODA by taking advantage of the donor’s political and diplomatic considerations.