步行促進因素對兒童身體活動量和生活品質影響之研究

To Explore How the Walkability Contributing Factors Affecting Children's Physical Activity and Quality of Life

台灣地區相關衛生單位積極投入預防兒童肥胖以及促進步行健康，然欠缺更多元不同層面的探討，因此本研究希望從環境、社會與家長層面的等因素，探討那些原因會影響兒童步行意願進而影響生活品質。因此本研究採用便利抽樣，於桃園縣共抽取五、六年級共459位兒童進行自填式問卷調查，以自編「步行促進因素」以及國民健康署「台灣身體活動量調查－學生自填圖卡短版IPAQ」及Varni博士授權之「生活品質量表」為研究工具收集數據。以相關分析集群分析、t檢定和多元迴歸分析進行資料檢定，結果發現：1.兒童「步行促進因素」中的「號誌影響性」、「父母支持性」、「社會支持性」、「鄰近安全性」等因素對於步行意願具有顯著正向影響。2.高「步行促進因素」環境的兒童的「步行意願性」顯著地高於低「步行促進因素」環境之兒童。3.高「步行促進因素」環境的兒童之每週中度、激烈身體活動量與生活品質顯著地高於低「步行促進因素」環境的兒童。4.高「步行意願性」兒童之每週中度、激烈身體活動量顯著地高於低「步行意願性」兒童。本研究建議在環境規劃部分，增加住宅環境周遭的交通號誌與道路安全性，可以促進兒童的步行意願，例如友善兒童通學步道、具號誌燈的斑馬線等。在衛生教育方面，學校可針對父母及兒童宣導動能通學的好處，以提升兒童的身體活動量及提升生活品質。

The official health agency in Taiwan is actively involved in preventing childhood obesity and promoting healthy walking. However, there is a lack of more diverse discussion on the different aspects. Therefore, this study hopes to explore the factors that affect children's willingness to walk and, thus, their quality of life from the perspectives of the environment, society, and parents. Therefore, this study used a convenient sampling method to select 459 students filling out the self-administered questionnaire in grades fifth and sixth in Taoyuan County. Figure and Short version IPAQ'' and ''PedsQL'' authorized by Dr. Varni to collect data as research tools. The data was examined by correlation analysis, cluster analysis, t-test, and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that: (1) In children's ''walking contributing factors,'' ''the effect of traffic signs,'' ''parent's support,'' ''social support,'' and ''neighborhood safety'' have a significant positive influence on children's willingness to walk. (2) Children in an environment with high ''walking contributing factors'' have significantly higher ''willingness to walk'' than those with low ''walking contributing factors.'' (3) Children in high ''walking contributing factors'' environment do have higher weekly moderate and vigorous physical activity and quality of life than those in low ''walking contributing factors'' environment. (4) Children with high ''willingness to walk'' do have higher weekly moderate and vigorous physical activity than those with low ''willingness to walk.'' Suggestions on environmental planning, increasing traffic signs, and road safety around the residential environment can promote children's willingness to walk, such as child-friendly active commuting routes, zebra crossings with signal lights, etc. In terms of health education, schools can educate parents and children about the benefits of exercise and learning to increase children's physical activity and improve their quality of life.