康德論道德的判斷原則與踐履原則——牟宗三的獨特詮釋

Kant on the Principium Dijudicationis and the Principium Executionis of Morality— Mou Zongsan’s Unique Interpretation

牟宗三及其門人主張：康德以為純粹理性僅只是道德的判斷原則，而非踐履原則，這違反了自律的觀念，儒家則認為本心既是道德的判斷原則，也是踐履原則，所以儒家才真正實現了自律倫理學的構想。此一論斷預設了「康德以為純粹理性僅只是道德的判斷原則，而非踐履原則」的觀點，它和康德研究者一般的見解全然相反。受牟宗三影響的學者，長久以來並未意識到此一事實。近來賴科助教授察覺到有不同於牟宗三觀點的康德詮釋，為文討論，但是仍未意識到牟宗三觀點的獨特性。本文的目的在於說明康德學者通行觀點，提供資訊給關注牟宗三思想的研究者。

According to Mou Zongsan and his followers, Kant considers pure reason to be the principium dijudicationis but not the principium executionis of morality, which contradicts the idea of autonomy. In contrast, Confucianism holds that the authentic heart（本心）functions as both the principium dijudicationis and the principium executionis of morality. As a consequence, it is not Kant’s ethics but Confucianism that fully realizes the idea of the ethics of autonomy. This judgment presupposes that pure reason is for Kant only the principium dijudicationis but not the principium executionis of morality. The claim yet runs counter to the view generally held by Kant scholars, which is a fact that scholars influenced by Mou have been neglecting. Recently, Professor Ko-Chu Lai noticed that there was an interpretation of Kant different from Mou’s and defended Mou’s position in a paper. However, Professor Lai still failed to recognize how unique Mou’s understanding of Kant was. This paper aims to present the view generally accepted by Kant scholars to provide information for scholars concerned with Mou’s philosophy.