傳統領域劃設之法解釋與實務問題：原基法第21 條第1 項規範旨意及法體系架構角度的探討

Systematic Analysis on Problematic About Delimiting Traditional Territories According to Article 21 The Indigenous Peoples Basic Law

自二十世紀中葉以降，國家和原住民族之間進行關係的重新調整，修復歷史中的不正義、建立多元文化並存的社會，已經是國際之間普遍的共識和潮流，我國自2002 年開始原住民族傳統領域調查、2005 年通過原住民族基本法，到2016 年總統向原住民族道歉，正是朝向這樣方向的努力。然而，2017 年2 月原住民族委員公布的「原住民族土地及部落範圍土地劃設辦法」卻引起了原住民族社會極大的反彈，此爭議背後反映出社會對於原住民族權利的誤解，以及行政機關為迴避壓力便宜行事而造成的扭曲。為回到原住民族本位對傳統領域的詮釋，以及原住民族基本法之法理基礎，釐清誤解與爭議，本文運用文獻回顧與法理分析之方法，進行以下工作：1）檢視原住民族基本法對傳統領域與原住民族土地的規範架構，並藉以分析傳統領域範圍、確認方式與諮商同意權的意涵；2）對原住民族土地權利保護內涵的認識與原住民族基本法之法理分析，探討包含傳統領域劃設主體、諮商同意權與私人財產權之關係等議題，進行初步的檢視。

While the indigenous tribes in Taiwan can “have” their own traditional territories via the central indigenous competent authority according to Art. 21 “The Indigenous Peoples Basic Law”. But in the praxis has the norm contents of this article resulted in series of problematic in real cases. This study analyzes the systematic structure and functions of Art. 21 in the whole“The Indigenous Peoples Basic Law”, in order to figure out the problematic within this law and article. The results: 1. Theoretically should the indigenous traditional territories be the results of recognizing existing indigenous land rights. The delimiting of traditional territories should be therefore free from the planning power of the state. But the delimiting of tribes and their adjoin-land can so far the planning of state not fully avoid in praxis. 2. The delimiting of indigenous traditional territories cannot theoretically and logically limited in the lands owned by government.