析論魯迅《野草》夢心理與創作——以佛洛伊德《夢的解析》為切入視角

An Analysis of the Psychology and Creation of Dream in Lu Xun’s“Wild Grass”——From the prespective of Freud’s“The Interpretation of Dreams”

魯迅《野草》多次以「我夢見」開頭，接續看似荒謬的對話，進行自我剖析，從「夢」的角度觀察，正也投射出他壓抑於內心的黑暗面與掙扎過程，以及面對新舊中國間的矛盾與衝突，甚對腐朽人性進行隱晦的批判。筆者透過佛洛伊德「夢」心理作為切入角度，諸如夢的偽裝、夢的稽查等作用，探索夢的顯意底下更深層的隱意。目前學界缺乏詳細對《夢的解析》之理論與魯迅《野草》中「夢」進行理論連結。本文透過佛洛伊德夢心理概念，梳理並詮釋魯迅《野草》中「夢」心理狀態，首先從魯迅生命經驗談起，透過童年到成人的發展與心境轉折，結合佛洛伊德夢心理，探討幼時的生命經驗如何影響成人，甚至是創作之發展。再者，從背景論述至實際創作，透過魯迅《野草》「夢」心理與創作特色，與佛洛伊德夢心理之理論連結，探討魯迅夢心理對外在層面的當時中國現實黑暗面的投射，以及內在的戰鬥精神及黑暗虛無的反映。期許透過佛洛伊德「夢」分析，對魯迅「夢」書寫提供一個詮釋視角。

Lu Xun's ＂Wild Grass＂ starts with ＂I Dreamed＂ many times, and continues with the absurd dialogue and self-analysis. Observed from the perspective of ＂dream＂, ＂Wild Grass＂ projects his repressed inner dark side and struggling process, as well as facing the contradictions and conflicts between the old and the new China, and even implicitly criticizing the decadent human nature. The writer uses Freud's dream psychology as an entry point, such as the dream-distortion, the censorship, etc., to explore the manifest content and latent content. At present, there are many discussions about the psychology of dream in Lu Xun's ＂Wild Grass ＂, but they lack the connection with the theory of＂ Interpretation of Dreams＂.
This article uses Freud's concept of dream psychology to sort out and interpret the mental state reflected by dreams in Lu Xun's ＂Wild Grass ＂. First of all, starting from Lu Xun's life experience, through the development and psychological transition from childhood to adulthood, combined with Freud's dream psychology, this article explores how childhood life experience affects Lu Xun's adulthood, and even the development of creation. Furthermore, from background discussion to actual creation, through Lu Xun's＂ Wild Grass＂ dream psychology and the style of his work, and its connection with Freud's theory of dream psychology, this article discuss Lu Xun's projection of the dark side of Chinese reality at that time, his inner fighting spirit, and his reflection of darkness and nothingness. It is hoped that through the analysis of Freud's ＂dream＂, this article will provide a perspective on Lu Xun's dream writing.