啟蒙人文主義者的批判：評關子尹《徘徊於天人之際：海德格的哲學思路》

A Critique from an Enlightenment Humanist: A Review of Tze-wan Kwan’s The Way betwixt Being and Man: On Heidegger’s Philosophical Detours

關子尹《徘徊於天人之際：海德格的哲學思路》共收十一篇長論文，而最引人注目的，是三篇從未發表的長文。三篇內容皆論及海德格整個思想生涯，但就問題意識而言，則偏重海氏後期旨趣，而且內容具延續性，值得一拼閱讀及討論。
通過對新三篇的闡釋可見，此書並非單從釋義的角度來談論海德格哲學。經過全書梳理各種在海德格哲學中極為斑駁甚至跡近奧密的主題及義理後，其理論後果得以客觀且具體地呈現眼前，而作者則對此作出了極為全面、深刻且嚴厲的批判。對海德格的整體批評，主要為兩點：一，海氏對主體性的批判過於嚴苛，連帶對個人能動性所構成的個人責任亦過於輕視；二，海氏對人類理性過於不信任。這兩要點遍佈全書，在某些篇章特別明確，而這些批評，實立足於一個具有現代啟蒙精神的人文主義者的立場之上。

Tze-wan Kwan’s The Way betwixt Being and Man: On Heidegger’s Philosophical Detours contains a total of eleven long essays, the most notable of which are the three long essays that have never been published. All three articles deal with Heidegger’s entire intellectual career, but in terms of philosophical orientation, they focus mainly on Heidegger’s later interests. Therefore, they are worth reading and discussing as a whole because of the continuity in content.
Through the exposition of the three new essays, it can be seen that this book does not discuss Heidegger’s philosophy merely for the purpose of interpreting his concepts and statements. After sorting out the various themes and meanings in Heidegger’s philosophy, which are extremely diverse and even close to esoteric, the theoretical consequences are revealed concretely and objectively, and, in addition, the author provides an extremely comprehensive, profound, and severe critique of them. The overall criticism of Heidegger is mainly about two points: first, Heidegger’s criticism of subjectivity is too strict and, consequently, he underestimates the personal responsibility constituted by individual spontaneity; second, Heidegger is too distrustful of human reason. These two points, while more explicitly stated in some chapters, animate the whole book. I argue that the criticism comes from the perspective of a humanist with the spirit of modern enlightenment.