另一種向度的章學誠──對於知識活動的關注以及反映於〈浙東學術〉的知識方法論

Zhang Xue-cheng in Another Dimension－Attention to Knowledge Activities and Methodology of Knowledge Reflected in“Zhetong school”

章學誠主張道具有能動性、發展性、時代性及客觀性等性質，並據此有道不離器、離器無道的看法。相較於考據學對於道的看法，章學誠的道論思想實自成一格。因此，在《文史通義》自刊本刊行前已完稿的〈原道〉三篇不見於自刊本。浙東學術重史，學界常以章學誠以浙東學術自居、主張「六經皆史」，因而聚焦於章學誠史學理論的成就，忽略〈浙東學術〉一文暗含章學誠出自於道論而對於知識方法論的關注與主張。章學誠〈浙東學術〉勾勒的浙東學統與一般思想史說的浙東學術人物有明顯出入。〈浙東學術〉的目的不在描繪一項思想史的發展實況，它的用意是在思想史中尋求與肯定從其道論思想展開的知識活動需有的知識方法，同時也反映出章學誠對一般浙東學術人物的知識方法論的看法。

Zhang Xue-cheng advocated Dao is initiative, expansible and objective, and generated an opinion of “Dao cannot exist without Qi.” In contrast to the textological view of Dao, Zhang’s theory of Dao was rather unique. Consequently, three articles of “Yuan Dao” in original Wenshi Tongyi manuscript was disappeared in publishing edition. Zhetong school attached importance of historiography and focused on Zhang’s historical theory, but ignored in Zhang’s article “Zhetong school” was an obscure viewpoint about Zhang’s methodology of knowledge from Dao. There was a manifest different in scholars between general intellectual history and Zhang’s “Zhetong school”. The purpose of “Zhetong school” wasn’t describing a developmental process of intellectual history, but researching a method during knowledge acquisition through Dao in the intellectual history, simultaneously, reflected his opinions of other Zhetong scholars’ methodology of knowledge.