愛滋公眾烙印之性別分析：社會工作實務應用

Gender difference in HIV related stigma among the general population in Taiwan Implications for social work practice

臺灣甚少討論愛滋公眾烙印，本研究運用電話調查與分層比例隨機抽樣，招募18歲以上之民眾為研究對象，探討愛滋公眾烙印之影響因素及性別差異。1,093位臺灣民眾中，女性（53.8%）略多於男性；22.6%男性與23.0%女性落在高度烙印組。男性在「愛滋公眾烙印」高於女性，且具顯著差異；整體「愛滋知識」與「愛滋公眾烙印」，呈現負相關。多變量邏輯斯迴歸分析發現，愛滋知識中的「傳播迷思」與「治療」知識，是影響兩性烙印感的共同因子。高烙印男性，具待業中與低教育程度特性；高烙印女性，具50歲以上、居住於中部地區特性。本研究結果，建議未來社工研究應持續探討影響男女兩性民眾持高度愛滋烙印感的相關脈絡與生命經驗，才能理解高烙印的相關因素；社工實務應用方面，提升社工對愛滋公眾烙印之認識，並結合倡權、社會行動等策略，使社工成為教育兩性民眾愛滋知識、降低愛滋烙印之重要角色。

The objective of this study is to understand the gender difference in HIV-related stigma among the general Taiwanese population. Computer-assisted telephone interviewing and stratified random sampling were used to recruit participants over 18 years of age in Taiwan. Multivariable logistic regression models, stratified by gender, were conducted to examine the associations between socio-demographic characteristics, HIV knowledge, and HIV-related stigma. In total, 1,093 participants completed the survey, the majority of whom were females (53.8%). There were about 22.6% males and 23.0% females bear a high level of HIV public stigma. Males significantly scored higher on overall public stigma scale than females. HIV knowledge was adversely associated with HIV-related stigma. In multivariable logistic regression, the misconception about transmission subscale and treatment subscale (both p-values <.01) were found significantly associated with high HIV public stigma for both genders. For males, those who had less education than a college degree, not in full-time jobs, had significantly increased odds of bearing high levels of HIV-related stigma. For females, those who were older than 50 years of age, resided in central of Taiwan had significantly increased odds of bearing high levels of HIV-related stigma. Our findings suggest a perspective to further explore future HIV-related stigma reduction research tailored for the general population in Taiwan, with gender consideration. Implications for social work practice may benefit from training social workers to enact community mobilization and community education to maximize the influence of HIV stigma reduction more broadly.