楊萬里茶詩中所透顯之「理禪融會」

Yang Wanli’s Tea Poems Revealed“The Integration Neo-Confucianism and Zen”

宋詩創作題材偏向生活，且能觀物之趣、尋物之理，文人以茶為寄贈、唱和之素材，賦詩記之，描繪觀茶、煎茶、品茶等歷程，形成為數可觀的詠茶詩作。宋代「理禪融會」的交融視域，使文人思索儒釋道各家思想的接受和轉換，就「觀物」角度而論，理學家探索事物的角度與文學家不同，透顯思想交會的磨合過程，因此關注到具理學家與詩人雙重身分之楊萬里，認為其「以茶為喻」的譬喻論述，說明茶詩借喻為情誼、人品、精神境界的象徵，彰顯宋詩化俗為雅、崇尚平淡的特質，將茶作為「託物說理」的具體喻依，再以此連結以小喻大的世界觀，修養身心的工夫論，故其「觀物」之道，具物外之趣、哲理之思。通過誠齋體茶詩之記載吟詠、聯想比附，分析其事典實寫、層次遞進，形成內觀式的自省，再由茶境營造說明淺近白話的詩風實為禪意的援引化用，以及所欲探究之「理」的譬喻實質化詮釋，在以茶為喻的類物系統中，具有託物說理的「格物」意涵，是故於宋代儒釋合流的背景下，論證促成楊萬里茶詩中所透顯的「觀物哲思」與「會通禪淨」特質。

The subject matter of Song Dynasty poetry comes from life, and can observe the fun and truth of objects. The literati used tea as the material for gifting and creation, describing the variety, production, and drinking of tea, forming a large number of tea poetry. In the Song Dynasty, the “ The Integration Neo-Confucianism and Zen” made the literati think about the acceptance and conversion of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. From the perspective of “observation”, philosopher and writers have different perspectives. It reveals the running-in process of the meeting of ideas, so this article pays attention to Yang Wan-li, who has the dual identity of a Confucianist and a poet. Through his “tea as a metaphor” to illustrate that tea poems are used as a symbol of friendship, morality, and spiritual realm. It demonstrates the characteristics of Song poetry of elegance and flatness, and tea has become a concrete metaphor for “telling reason with objects”, and then linking with the worldview of small metaphors and the theory of cultivation of mind and body. Therefore, it has the interest and philosophy that transcend objects, analyzes the allusions and level evolution in Yang’s tea poems, forms self-reflection, and then builds from the realm of tea to show that the vernacular poetry style is the invoking use of Zen. Yang’s poems have the connotation of “checking things” in the analogy object system using tea as a metaphor. This is why, in the context of the confluence of Confucianism and Buddhism in the Song Dynasty, the argumentation contributed to the characteristics of “ Seeing objects philosophically” and “intelligence of Zen and Pure Land Buddhism” revealed in Yang’s tea poems.