枸骨葉及其常見混淆品之鑑定   全文下載

Authentication of Ilicis Cornutae Folium and its adulterants

枸骨葉係冬青科（Aquifoliaceae）植物枸骨（Ilex cornuta）的乾燥葉，具有清熱養陰、益腎、平肝等功效，用於治療肺癆咯血、頭暈目眩等症狀。枸骨葉藥材的商品名稱為「功勞葉」，因與十大功勞名稱相似，市售產品常出現與冬青科冬青屬（Ilex）或十大功勞屬（Mahonia）兩大類植物混淆使用之情事。由於枸骨葉俗名眾多，加上歷代醫藥典藉收載差異及各地用藥習慣不同等因素，如有混淆使用可能會影響療效或甚至對使用者產生潛在的健康風險。因此，準確地區分中草藥正確基原及其混淆品對於其產品的安全性和品質控制至關重要。本研究收集枸骨及其常見混淆品包括細葉十大功勞（M. fortunei）、闊葉十大功勞（M. bealei）、十大功勞（M. japonica）以及阿里山十大功勞（M. oiwakensis）等5種乾燥葉片對照材料，分別就性狀、組織顯微鏡檢及DNA核酸序列等多層面開發鑑別方法，並將其應用於13件市售品之鑑定。研究結果顯示，13件市售功勞葉中10件為枸骨（76.9%），3件為闊葉十大功勞（23.1%）。本研究開發建立鑑別枸骨葉及其常見混淆品有效的檢測技術，可提供作為物種鑑定及藥材品質管控參考，有助於保障用藥安全。

Ilex cornuta (family Aquifoliaceae) is a widely-used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Its dried leave was named Ilicis Cornutae Folium (Gouguye), trade name “Gong-lao-ye”. Because the Chinese name of Ilex and Mahonia are similar, both of them are sold as “Gong-lao-ye” in the market. The various common name, different documentation in the ancient pharmacopoeia books, and the different usage habits in various regions seems to cause this misused situation. Misusage may reduce the therapeutic efficacy or even pose potential health risk to the users. Therefore, species authentication is very important for the safety and quality control of herbal medicines. In this study, five standard raw materials of I. cornuta, M. fortunei, M. bealei, M. japonica, M. oiwakensis were collected for method development, and 13 “Gong-lao-ye” raw material samples were used for method application. The results showed that 10 out of 13 (76.9%) were I. cornuta and 3 out of 13 (23.1%) were M. bealei. The new method combined morphological characteristics, histological microscopy and deoxyribonucleic acid sequences for discrimination of I. cornuta and its adulterants, and could be an efficient tool for regulation and quality control on commercial herbal market, as well as to ensure drug safety.