| 英文摘要 |
The current article aims to investigate the features, mechanisms, and benefits of self-equanimity. At first, it describes the wave of excessive self-centering that emerged in North America and has gradually spread across cultures and societies, resulting in not only maladaptive psychological adjustment at the individual level but also increased interpersonal tensions and conflicts. After all, the buffering and healing effect of the self-equanimity perspective based on balance and harmony are illustrated, and then incorporated with the psychological displacement writing paradigm and mindfulness.
Firstly, the balance part is more about an individual’s cognitive structure and can be demonstrated from both self-information and cognitive strategy presentation. In detail, the balance of self-information is different from the North American positive psychology that emphasizes positive information or even positive self. The balanced part emphasizes that the self can process stimuli in different directions, such as“positive”and“negative”, instead of organizing them in a good or bad way, or pursuing them in a unidirectional way. With regard to the balance of cognitive strategies, the first step is to start with the individual’s orientation towards the message of the self, that is, the individual is able to include more affluent and more diverse message contents, and even intuitively opposing contents. Under this premise, when an individual is faced with different situations, it is possible to extract corresponding strategies to respond to them effectively, but not only adopt a single strategy or have a fixed strategy pattern. Further, the two bases of balance are the (1) richness of the self-information, i.e., the ability to have multiple or even conflicting contents, and the need to control the contents after having multiple possibilities, so that the self-information can be; (2)“evenness”without bias. Under such a condition of abundance and diversity, the individual can achieve a balanced psychological state.
Secondly, the harmony part is more on the emotional side of the individual, and can be demonstrated from two mechanisms: (1) short-term“restrain”and (2) long-term“stability”. With regard to restrain, the emphasis is on the individual’s ability to effectively and immediately return to their emotional starting point, rather than being automatically triggered by external events. This is also different from typical positive psychology in that not only a“resilience”to“negative”events, but also for positive events in which not over-exaggerating positive emotions or being absorbed in positive affect. In contrast, in the long term, an individual mood change tends to fluctuate in small increments over time, allowing the individual’s emotional system to move toward“stability”rather than ups and downs. Thus, the individual can achieve a calm emotional self-equanimity through short-term restrain and long-term stability.
However, how can we achieve such balance and harmony, and achieve a state of self-equanimity? This paper mainly focuses on the psychological displacement writing paradigm and mindfulness because they echo self-equanimity viewpoints and have specific and concrete interventions or manipulations. The effect of the psychological displacement writing paradigm echoes the view of self-equanimity, not only in terms of emotional arousal but also in terms of both positive and negative valances. In terms of the degree of emotional excitement, it is not aggressive or feeble, but rather a moderate restrain. On the other hand, the psychological displacement writing paradigm incorporated with the“decentering”and“non-attachment”aspects of the ego that has been emphasized in recent studies based on Buddhist psychology of mindfulness. Finally, this article will revisit the concept and measurement of psychological adjustments and well-being based on self-equanimity, and extend from the intrapersonal to the interpersonal level. Limitations, implications, and future directions are discussed. |
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