探索人工智慧即服務產業的競爭優勢與策略

AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE AND STRATEGY IN AIAAS INDUSTRY

面對超級競爭的市場環境，各企業尋求數位轉型與創新，AIaaS的商業模式應運而生。本研究欲了解原先雲端運算產業中提供IaaS、PaaS與SaaS商業模式的企業，面臨AI浪潮所帶來的產業競爭與環境改變，如何運用資源發展合適的經營策略並維持競爭優勢。研究對象以雲端運算服務產業中的公司為主，分析AIaaS產業族群的發展，與各公司的競爭優勢和策略。本研究利用Standard＆Poor Compustat Capital IQ資料庫蒐集SIC Code為7370、7372、7374的公司，剔除資料遺漏或離群值，共篩選出110家企業，以修改後的杜邦恆等式10個財務指標作為企業績效的觀察變數。藉由因素分析的方法，萃取出「品牌資產管理能力」、「研發創新管理能力」、「客戶關係管理能力」、「產品銷售管理能力」和「資金利用管理能力」五大能力構面；再以每家企業所得之因素分數進行集群分析，並使具有相似資源構型的企業分類，得出「客戶管理導向」、「資產管理導向」、「均衡發展導向」和「穩健金流導向」四大策略群組；最後以構面縮減的方式得出AIaaS的策略主軸。本研究利用有形的財務資料推論無形的企業資源構型，找出競爭優勢與經營策略，希冀給相關產業業者在AI發展中找到利基點。

Companies seek digital transformation and innovation in a hyper-competitive market environment, and the AIaaS business model has emerged. This study investigates how companies that initially provided IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS business models in the cloud computing industry face industrial competition and environmental changes brought about by the AI wave and how to use resources to develop appropriate business strategies to maintain competitive advantages. The samples of this study are companies in the cloud computing service industry and use the Standard & Poor Compustat Capital IQ database to collect companies with SIC Code 7370, 7372, 7374. By eliminating omissions or outliers, a total of 110 companies are selected. The ten financial indicators of the revised DuPont identity are used as the companies' performance. Using the method of factor analysis, the five capability aspects of 'brand asset management capability,' 'R&D innovation management capability,' 'customer relationship management capability,' 'product sales management capability,' and 'fund utilization management capability' are extracted. The factor scores obtained by each company are analyzed in clusters, and companies with similar resource configurations are classified to obtain four major categories: 'customer management orientation,' 'asset management orientation,' 'balanced development orientation,' and 'stable cash flow orientation' as strategy groups. Finally, the two axes of the AIaaS strategy are obtained by discriminant analysis. This study uses tangible financial data to infer the intangible corporate resource configuration, find out competitive advantages and business strategies, and find niche points for related industries in the development of AI.