經濟發展對中國教育獲得性別差距之動態影響

The Dynamic Impact of Economic Development on the Gender Gap in Chinese Educational Attainment

本文運用2013年中國家庭收入調查資料，分析經濟發展對教育獲得性別差距之動態影響。實證過程先透過城鄉之人均國民生產毛額與全國平均值之差異區分為發達地區及欠發達地區。其次，依受訪戶之出生年區分4個世代，以納入人口政策的長期影響。研究結果發現，雖然教育獲得的城鄉差距和地區差距隨著出生世代擴大，但教育獲得的性別差距整體上是隨著世代縮小。農村戶籍對不同性別的教育獲得有不對稱影響，即農村的教育性別差距大於城市，且這種不對稱影響隨著出生世代擴大，經濟發展程度不同地區存在類似情況。換言之，教育獲得之性別差距受經濟因素影響甚劇。但大陸之戶籍制度限制人口移動，要縮小地區間的經濟差距，必須進行戶籍制度改革，才能有效解決問題。

This study uses Chinese Household Income Project 2013 (CHIP2013) to analyze the impacts of economic development on the gender gap of educational attainment in Chinese. Empirical results show that, in terms of years of schooling, the gender gap has generally diminished, but both the urban-rural gap and the regional gap have increased in younger cohorts. Additionally, the rural region has negative asymmetric impact on women's educational attainment, that is, the gender gap in rural areas is greater than that in urban areas, and the asymmetric impact has expanded in younger cohorts. Coincidentally, there is an increasingly negative asymmetric effect of the underdeveloped region on women's educational attainment. The educational gap has been mainly influenced by economic development. However, "hukou" has restrict the mobility of individuals in China. It is in need to reform "hukou" to fundamentally promote the equality of education.