論國安法及兩岸條例修正建構之「國家核心關鍵技術營業秘密保護」法制

On the Legal System of State-Level Economic Espionage Stealing Secrets Constructed by the Amendment of The National Security Act

科技影響國家戰力，科技能力不僅是產業發展命脈，亦是國防之基礎、國家安全之後盾。由於人才及技術係科技產業之核心領域，如何保護國家之關鍵技術避免外流，已成為世界各國之重要課題，歐美先進國家在推動「敏感科技」等重要產業發展上，大抵訂定專法加以保護，並從國安視角就相關之交易與投資行為，在投資審查上為更嚴格規制，以保護國家安全與利益。證諸中國大陸對我國科技人才及技術，吸納範圍持續加深加廣，其2025中國製造、海外高層次人才引進計畫（簡稱千人計畫），均係運用我國人才技術與管理能力，以減少研發成本，縮短研發時程；相應造成我國科技人才及技術外流，除影響產業發展及兩岸產業鏈關係，商業投資上之滲透更可能讓我國失去半導體產業優勢，侵蝕程度直達國安層級。為此，允宜妥為權衡出更完整嚴密之規範，以保護國家安全與利益。本文從修法背景、正當性基礎檢視、主要修法結構分析等面向，就所呈現及可能引發之問題進行分析，結合日本產業技術保護立法例，開展以國家安全為重心之營業秘密保護法制，歸結到讓營業秘密保護與國家安全維護取得最佳平衡，並於此基礎上，從立法論角度就未來之運作及發展，提出筆者粗略意見。

Science and technology affect a country's combat power. Science and technology capabilities are not only the lifeblood of industrial development, but also the foundation of national defense and the backing of national security. Since talent and technology are the core areas of the technology industry, how to protect the country's key technologies from outflow has become an important issue for countries around the world. As a topic, advanced countries in Europe and the United States have generally enacted special laws to protect the development of important industries such as 'sensitive technology', and from the perspective of national security, related transactions and investment behaviors are more strictly regulated in investment review to protect the country's safety and benefits.
It is proved that the scope of the Chinese Mainland's scientific and technological talents and technologies has continued to deepen and widen. Its 2025 Made in China and Overseas High-Level Talent Introduction Plan (referred to as The Thousand Talents Plan) all use Taiwan's talent technology and management capabilities to reduce R&D costs, shortening the R&D schedule; correspondingly, the outflow of Taiwan's scientific and technological talents and technologies, in addition to affecting industrial development and cross-strait industrial chain relations, the penetration of commercial investment is more likely to make Taiwan lose its advantages in the semiconductor industry, and the degree of infringement reaches the national security level; for this reason, it is advisable to properly weigh more stringent norms to protect national security and interests. This article analyzes the present and possible problems from the perspectives of the background of the amendment, the basic review of legitimacy, and the analysis of the main amendment structure. Combined with Japan's industrial technology protection legislation, it develops a national security-focused business secret protection legal system. To achieve the best balance between the protection of trade secrets and the maintenance of national security, and on this basis, from the perspective of legislation, the author puts forward opinions on the future operation and development.