科技應用工具運用於無形文化資產登錄及認定之探討

Discussion for Technology Application of Designation or Registration of Intangible Cultural Heritage

傳統表演藝術、傳統工藝、口述傳統、民俗，以及傳統知識與實踐5類無形文化資產，不僅與生活、文化息息相關，更是長久累積之知識、技術及其實踐。然涉及登錄或認定審議所需之會議資料、現場勘查或訪查，多是現況檢視，也因此衍生部分爭議。本文試以創作歷程為主，建議結合存證及相關科技應用，如區塊鏈，有效呈現無形文化資產（含保存技術與保存者）之歷程或所累積之生活、文化價值，應較於審議會前或進行時提供之既有事實，更可滿足需求。本文認為，由於無形文化資產具長期、持續等特性，透過科技應用可較以往仰賴會議資料不同。如區塊鏈存證可協助辨識著作人或保存者身分、或確認文件資料真偽，還可進一步確保實質內容，含作成紀錄之人員、時間或歷程。相較於保存生活、文化或歷史常用之報導、地方誌，可由僅能瞭解事後狀態且只有部分紀錄，提升至可將現況或完整資訊之留存。雖創作歷程存證結合區塊鏈僅能運用與著作權相關項目，如傳統表演藝術或傳統工藝之成果，無法適用所有無形文化資產，但仍不失協助其登錄及認定之有效方式。

According to Article 6 of the Cultural Heritage Preservation Act, 'the competent authorities shall organize review committees to review the designation, registration, or revocation of various types of cultural heritage and other important matters stipulated in this Act'. The review for the designation, registration, or revocation of various types of cultural heritage refers to two main issues, including the material or documents provision (objective) and expert judgment (subjective) to designation or registration. But the material or documents for review are almost records, reports or status. With decentralization and hard to tamper records, blockchain application could ensure data security and follow up the digital footprint. This application could help provide more complete and in-time information than before. Besides, according to Article 3 Section 2 of the Act mentioned above, intangible cultural heritage includes: 1. traditional performing arts, 2. traditional craftsmanship, 3. oral traditions and expressions, 4. folklore and 5. traditional knowledge and practices. Most intangible cultural heritage means that knowledge, skills and related practices addressed to nature environment that are accumulated or developed by different ethnic or social groups over a long period of time to survive in, adapt to, and handle with. Blockchain Proofing might not fit all of them to improve the process of designation or registration. For that, this study takes 'traditional performing arts', 'traditional craftsmanship', and 'folklore' as examples. For proofing these developed histories or outcomes, blockchain proofing might be an appropriate application for objective material provision, especially in the creative process. However, the application of this new technology can't replace subjective expert judgment yet. In future research, using Big data or other technology applications might improve the designation or registration process.